Journal
CHEMICAL SCIENCE
Volume 13, Issue 9, Pages 2783-2788Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d1sc07124f
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Funding
- CSC
- ERC [101021358]
- DFG (GottfriedWilhelm-Leibniz prize)
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This study demonstrates the synthesis of biologically relevant three-dimensional spirocyclic compounds through electrocatalysis, using palladium and rhodium(iii) catalysts, with electricity as a green oxidant. The spiroannulation reactions were successfully achieved with a wide substrate scope under mild conditions in an undivided cell setup, with molecular hydrogen as the sole byproduct.
Despite indisputable progress in the development of electrochemical transformations, electrocatalytic annulations for the synthesis of biologically relevant three-dimensional spirocyclic compounds has as of yet not been accomplished. In sharp contrast, herein, we describe the palladaelectro-catalyzed C-H activation/[3 + 2] spiroannulation of alkynes by 1-aryl-2-naphthols. Likewise, a cationic rhodium(iii) catalyst was shown to enable electrooxidative [3 + 2] spiroannulations via formal C(sp(3))-H activations. The versatile spiroannulations featured a broad substrate scope, employing electricity as a green oxidant in lieu of stoichiometric chemical oxidants under mild conditions. An array of spirocyclic enones and diverse spiropyrazolones, bearing all-carbon quaternary stereogenic centers were thereby accessed in a user-friendly undivided cell setup, with molecular hydrogen as the sole byproduct.
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