Article
Mathematics, Applied
C. F. Arias, F. Bertocchini, M. A. Herrero, J. M. Lopez, G. E. Oleaga
Summary: The process of bone remodelling involves continuous renewal of bone at a microscopic scale to maintain mechanical compliance of the skeleton. This process can be represented at an algorithmic level as the interplay of screening and renovation mechanisms, with efficient screening achieved through simple local rules inspired by individual bone cells computing signals from their nearest local neighbours.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gemma Marcucci, Vladana Domazetovic, Chiara Nediani, Jessica Ruzzolini, Claudio Favre, Maria Luisa Brandi
Summary: This review provides a detailed report on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in bone remodeling, specifically in relation to oxidative stress, inflammatory factors, and estrogen deficiency. Oxidative stress is a key factor in the development of osteoporosis, leading to osteocyte apoptosis and impaired bone remodeling and resorption. Recent studies have shown that natural antioxidants found in the diet can effectively prevent and reduce the negative effects of oxidative stress on bone health. These antioxidants target osteocytes and their molecular factors, promoting bone regeneration and preventing bone loss. This suggests that incorporating antioxidants into therapeutic approaches may improve the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and related bone diseases.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yara Haridy, Markus Osenberg, Andre Hilger, Ingo Manke, Donald Davesne, Florian Witzmann
Summary: The study reveals the well-preserved lacunae and canaliculi spaces of osteocytes in fossilized bone, providing evidence for the presence of bone cells and supporting the hypothesis of mineral homeostasis mechanism during the evolution of cellular bone. However, little is known about the physiological pressures that initially favored the evolution of cellular bone.
Article
Cell Biology
Yuanyuan Zeng, Hengxing Liang, Yue Guo, Yunzhi Feng, Qianqian Yao
Summary: The study found that APN can promote the proliferation of MLO-Y4 osteocytes and inhibit the expression of Bcl-2, Caspase 3, Caspase 8, and ROS in a dose-dependent manner in a high-glucose environment. The AMPK/FoxO3A signaling pathway may be a key pathway for the effects of APN on regulating osteocyte apoptosis in diabetics.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuhan Xia, Aoi Ikedo, Ji-Won Lee, Tadahiro Iimura, Kazuki Inoue, Yuuki Imai
Summary: Our study reveals that Utx positively regulates osteoblast-to-osteocyte differentiation through H3K27me3 modifications in osteocyte genes. This provides new insight into the molecular mechanism of osteocyte differentiation.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Karin H. Nilsson, Petra Henning, Maha El Shahawy, Jianyao Wu, Antti Koskela, Juha Tuukkanen, Christine Perret, Ulf H. Lerner, Claes Ohlsson, Sofia Moverare-Skrtic
Summary: The study demonstrated that osteocytes and late osteoblasts are the principal source of NOTUM in cortical bone, and NOTUM produced by these cells reduces cortical bone mass. Inhibition of osteocyte/late osteoblast-derived NOTUM may be an interesting pharmacological target to increase cortical bone mass and reduce the risk of non-vertebral fractures. The findings highlight the specific role of NOTUM derived from DMP1-expressing osteocytes and late osteoblasts in regulating cortical bone mass rather than trabecular bone mass.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Beth S. Lee, Cynthia Murray, Jie Liu, Minji Kim, Min Sik Hwang, Tina Yueh, Myrna Mansour, Sana Qamar, Gunjan Agarwal, Do-Gyoon Kim
Summary: The results of the experiments show that MYO9B plays a crucial role in the mechanical stress-induced responses of bone cells in vitro and in vivo.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yongguang Gao, Suryaji Patil, Jingxian Jia
Summary: Osteoporosis is a major bone disorder affecting both men and women, primarily due to an imbalance in bone remodeling. Understanding the effects of molecules produced by different cells on bone can help identify new therapeutic targets and approaches for preventing and treating bone disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takeshi Moriishi, Toshihisa Komori
Summary: Osteocytes connect with neighboring cells to form a network, and shear stress induced by fluid flow is an important mechanism for mechanoresponses. The lacunocanalicular structure differs between the compression and tension sides of cortical bone. Mice with impaired lacunocanalicular structure can be used to study the relationship between structure and mechanoresponses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tobias M. Ballhause, Shan Jiang, Anke Baranowsky, Sabine Brandt, Peter R. Mertens, Karl-Heinz Frosch, Timur Yorgan, Johannes Keller
Summary: Notch1-4 receptors and their signaling pathways are crucial in cell fate decision by coordinating cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, with differential expression and activation observed in various organs and tissues. In bone, Notch receptors control remodeling and regeneration, with distinct expression and function depending on differentiation stages. The crosstalk between Notch signaling and other pathways in bone turnover, including Wnt/beta-catenin, BMP and RANKL/OPG, is outlined.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Khadiga M. Sadek, Sara El Moshy, Israa Ahmed Radwan, Dina Rady, Marwa M. S. Abbass, Aiah A. El-Rashidy, Christof E. Doerfer, Karim M. Fawzy M. El-Sayed
Summary: Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease that damages the tissues supporting the teeth. It has three distinct stages: infection, inflammation, and tissue destruction, each requiring specific treatment. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of alveolar bone loss is crucial for effective periodontitis treatment and subsequent reconstruction of the periodontium.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jesus Delgado-Calle, Kevin McAndrews, Gerald Wu, Ashley L. Orr, Adam Ferrari, Xiaolin Tu, Venkatesan Srinivasan, G. David Roodman, Frank H. Ebetino, Robert K. Boeckman, Teresita Bellido
Summary: This study reveals that PTH signaling upregulates Notch pathway components, and Notch activation contributes to the catabolic actions of PTH in bone. Deleting the PTH receptor or overexpressing sclerostin in osteocytes abolishes the increase in Notch components caused by PTH. Moreover, bone-targeted Notch inhibition enhances the bone anabolic effects of intermittent PTH.
Article
Oncology
Fabrizio Pin, Matthew Prideaux, Joshua R. Huot, Alyson L. Essex, Lilian I. Plotkin, Andrea Bonetto, Lynda F. Bonewald
Summary: This study reveals that non-bone metastatic cancer can cause bone loss and osteocyte death, with further research suggesting that tumor-secreted factors may be responsible for these effects. Given the potential impact on recovery, the use of bone preserving therapies in conjunction with cancer treatment should be considered.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Priyanka Ramesh, Rahul Jagadeesan, Saravanan Sekaran, Anuradha Dhanasekaran, Selvaraj Vimalraj
Summary: Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found in various natural products with multiple applications, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-carcinogenic properties, as well as the ability to stimulate bone formation. They influence bone remodelling through various signaling pathways and play a crucial role in maintaining bone integrity and structure. Their effects on regulating angiogenesis, decreasing inflammatory cytokine levels, and scavenging reactive oxygen species further underscore their potential as a promising agent in treating bone-related ailments in the future.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qiaoyue Guo, Ningrong Chen, Cheng Qian, Cheng Qi, Kathleen Noller, Mei Wan, Xiaonan Liu, Weixin Zhang, Patrick Cahan, Xu Cao
Summary: Bone is constantly remodeled by the actions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. However, new research has shown that sympathetic innervation also plays a role in regulating bone resorption by osteocytes. Increased sympathetic activity during lactation stimulates osteocytes to produce netrin-1, which promotes nerve sprouting in the bone. In addition, norepinephrine activates signaling pathways that result in the secretion of bone-degrading enzymes and inhibition of osteoblast differentiation.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Priyanka Singh, Sanjay Kumar Bhadada, Ashutosh Kumar Arya, Uma Nahar Saikia, Naresh Sachdeva, Divya Dahiya, Jyotdeep Kaur, Maria Luisa Brandi, Sudhaker Dhanwada Rao
Summary: This study investigated the epigenetic-mediated mechanism of the PAX1 gene in sporadic parathyroid adenomas. The results revealed that the expression of PAX1 was significantly reduced in parathyroid adenomas, which was associated with hypermethylation in the promoter region and lower levels of histone modification. Treatment with a pharmacologic inhibitor led to the re-expression of the PAX1 gene. These findings provide insights into the epigenetic deregulation of PAX1 in parathyroid adenomas and have potential clinical and therapeutic implications for patients with PHPT.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vladana Domazetovic, Irene Falsetti, Simone Ciuffi, Teresa Iantomasi, Gemma Marcucci, Maria Teresa Vincenzini, Maria Luisa Brandi
Summary: The present study investigates the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the control of FGF23 production and bone remodeling functions. The results demonstrate a relationship between oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and up-regulation of active FGF23 levels, as well as the impact of 17 beta-estradiol in preventing FGF23 increase. These findings identify potential therapeutic targets for oxidative stress-related bone and non-bone inflammatory diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Francesca Marini, Laura Masi, Francesca Giusti, Luisella Cianferotti, Federica Cioppi, Gemma Marcucci, Simone Ciuffi, Emmanuel Biver, Giuseppe Toro, Giovanni Iolascon, Teresa Iantomasi, Maria Luisa Brandi
Summary: This study aimed to perform ALPL genetic testing to identify rare variants in suspected adult patients with hypophosphatasia (HPP). The analysis compared the frequencies of ALPL common variants in individuals with biochemical and/or clinical signs suggestive of adult HPP and non-HPP controls, as well as among different clinical subgroups of patients with a clinical suspicion of adult HPP.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maria Fusaro, Giulia Vanessa Re Sarto, Maurizio Gallieni, Laura Cosmai, Piergiorgio Messa, Maurizio Rossini, Iacopo Chiodini, Mario Plebani, Pieter Evenepoel, Nicholas Harvey, Serge Ferrari, Jorge Cannata-Andia, Andrea Trombetti, Maria Luisa Brandi, Markus Ketteler, Thomas L. Nickolas, John Cunningham, Syazrah Salam, Carlo Della Rocca, Aldo Scarpa, Salvatore Minisola, Fabio Malberti, Filomena Cetani, Mario Cozzolino, Sandro Mazzaferro, Luigi Morrone, Giovanni Tripepi, Martina Zaninotto, Maria Cristina Mereu, Maura Ravera, Giuseppe Cianciolo, Gaetano La Manna, Andrea Aghi, Sandro Giannini, Luca Dalle Carbonare
Summary: Bone biopsy with histomorphometric analysis is the gold standard for diagnosing and classifying renal osteodystrophy. However, its use has declined due to various reasons. This position paper from Italian scientific societies aims to promote the use of bone biopsy and improve the management and prognosis of CKD patients through optimization and standardization of the procedure, establishment of a network, and reimbursement adjustments.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
G. Marcucci, G. Beccuti, G. Carosi, F. Cetani, L. Cianferotti, A. M. Colao, C. Di Somma, M. Duradoni, A. Elefante, L. Ghizzoni, M. Giusti, A. G. Lania, E. Lavezzi, B. Madeo, G. Mantovani, C. Marcocci, L. Masi, S. Parri, F. Pigliaru, A. Santonati, A. Spada, L. Vera, M. L. Brandi
Summary: This study investigates the effects of 12 months of rhPTH (1-84) treatment in patients with hypoparathyroidism. The results show that rhPTH (1-84) therapy is both safe and effective.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Francesca Marini, Francesca Giusti, Gaia Palmini, Giuliano Perigli, Roberto Santoro, Maria Luisa Brandi
Summary: Parathyroid carcinoma is an extremely rare malignancy associated with hypercalcemia and excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone. There are currently no effective therapies available for this cancer. Understanding the genetic and molecular pathways involved in the development of parathyroid carcinoma is crucial for distinguishing malignant and benign tumors, as well as identifying potential targets for novel therapies.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gemma Marcucci, Vladana Domazetovic, Chiara Nediani, Jessica Ruzzolini, Claudio Favre, Maria Luisa Brandi
Summary: This review provides a detailed report on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in bone remodeling, specifically in relation to oxidative stress, inflammatory factors, and estrogen deficiency. Oxidative stress is a key factor in the development of osteoporosis, leading to osteocyte apoptosis and impaired bone remodeling and resorption. Recent studies have shown that natural antioxidants found in the diet can effectively prevent and reduce the negative effects of oxidative stress on bone health. These antioxidants target osteocytes and their molecular factors, promoting bone regeneration and preventing bone loss. This suggests that incorporating antioxidants into therapeutic approaches may improve the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and related bone diseases.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Beatrice Gasperini, Virginia Veronica Visconti, Cinzia Ciccacci, Angela Falvino, Elena Gasbarra, Riccardo Iundusi, Maria Luisa Brandi, Annalisa Botta, Umberto Tarantino
Summary: This study aimed to explore the association between genetic variability, expression, and methylation pattern of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) with the risk of osteoporosis (OP) in a cohort of Caucasian patients. The results showed a significant association between the Cdx2 rs11568820 polymorphism and OP risk. Additionally, the VDR transcriptomic profile suggests a potential interconnection with OP progression, providing a useful tool for stratifying OP phenotype and fragility fracture risk.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cecilia Romagnoli, Roberto Zonefrati, Elena Lucattelli, Marco Innocenti, Roberto Civinini, Teresa Iantomasi, Maria Luisa Brandi
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of PTH on the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells isolated from human biopsies. Results showed no significant changes in cAMP and proliferation in the isolated cells treated with PTH, but differentiated myotubes treated with PTH exhibited increased cAMP, expression of myogenic differentiation genes, and MHC protein. This study provides new insights into the effects of PTH on human skeletal muscle cells and opens new avenues for research in muscle pathophysiology.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Simone Donati, Francesca Marini, Francesca Giusti, Gaia Palmini, Cinzia Aurilia, Irene Falsetti, Teresa Iantomasi, Maria Luisa Brandi
Summary: Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem with negative consequences on musculoskeletal and extra-skeletal health. Increasing intake of vitamin D fortified foods and administering vitamin D supplementation, such as vitamin D3 or calcifediol, can help improve vitamin D status. This review discusses the potential medical benefits and specific clinical scenarios in which oral intake of calcifediol could be effective in restoring optimal serum levels of 25(OH)D3. Insights into calcifediol-related non-genomic responses are provided, suggesting its use as a supplement for individuals at higher risk of hypovitaminosis D.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Simone Donati, Gaia Palmini, Cinzia Aurilia, Irene Falsetti, Francesca Marini, Francesca Giusti, Teresa Iantomasi, Maria Luisa Brandi
Summary: Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, plays a crucial role in calcium and phosphate regulation. It functions through both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. The traditional function involves binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and influencing gene transcription, while non-genomic effects occur rapidly through interactions with specific membrane receptors. Calcifediol, the precursor metabolite of calcitriol, has also been found to have gene-regulatory properties and can trigger non-genomic responses.
Article
Oncology
Francesco Tonelli, Francesca Marini, Francesca Giusti, Teresa Iantomasi, Francesco Giudici, Maria Luisa Brandi
Summary: In this study, we described the post-operative complications, pancreatic sequelae, and post-surgical progression/relapse of PNENs in MEN1 patients. Our results showed that a more conservative intervention was associated with the absence of post-surgical complications, but required further pancreas surgeries for tumor relapse in 40.0% of the operated cases.
Meeting Abstract
Geriatrics & Gerontology
F. Miglietta, F. Marini, F. Giusti, G. Palmini, G. Perigli, P. Lolli, S. Corbetta, M. V. Davi, L. Persani, C. Eller-Vainicher, S. Benvenga, D. Ferone, V. Camozzi, E. Arvat, R. M. Ruggieri, U. Pagotto, M. Iacobone, M. C. Zatelli, G. Marcucci, M. L. Brandi
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Elizabeth M. Curtis, Jean-Yves Reginster, Nasser Al-Daghri, Emmanuel Biver, Maria Luisa Brandi, Etienne Cavalier, Peyman Hadji, Philippe Halbout, Nicholas C. Harvey, Mickael Hiligsmann, M. Kassim Javaid, John A. Kanis, Jean-Marc Kaufman, Olivier Lamy, Radmila Matijevic, Adolfo Diez Perez, Regis Pierre Radermecker, Mario Miguel Rosa, Thierry Thomas, Friederike Thomasius, Mila Vlaskovska, Rene Rizzoli, Cyrus Cooper
Summary: Osteoporosis care has evolved significantly, with established clinical definitions, validated fracture risk assessment methods, and effective pharmacological agents. Anabolic agents have shown to be more rapid and efficacious in reducing fracture risk compared to antiresorptive therapies. Expert recommendations support an initial intervention with anabolic agents for high-risk fracture patients, followed by maintenance therapy using antiresorptive agents and long-term osteoporosis treatment.
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Luisella Cianferotti, Chiara Delli Poggi, Francesco Bertoldo, Carla Caffarelli, Chiara Crotti, Davide Gatti, Sandro Giannini, Stefano Gonnelli, Maurizio Mazzantini, Viapiana Ombretta, Stefania Sella, Angela Setti, Massimo Varenna, Francesca Zucchi, Maria Luisa Brandi
Summary: Tumor-induced osteomalacia is a rare mineral metabolism disorder characterized by hypophosphatemia. This study found that a significant number of TIO patients remain undiagnosed or persist after surgery, making them potential candidates for burosumab treatment.