Journal
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
Volume 348, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.130666
Keywords
Aggregation-induced emission; Excimer; In vivo bioimaging; Cancer cell; Mangiferin
Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program, China [2019YFC1604904]
- Opening Fund of Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Hunan Normal University), Ministry of Education
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This study introduces a natural AIEgen, mangiferin, which is easily obtained from mango leaves. Detailed analysis reveals its excellent fluorescence properties in stable dimer formation with unique characteristics, high biocompatibility, and water solubility for potential applications in cancer imaging and tissue differentiation. The study demonstrates an effective strategy for finding and fabricating novel AIEgens with new potential applications in clinical settings.
Rational fabrication of simple aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) with outstanding in vivo applications is still a challenging work. Most of the reported AIEgens included professional molecular design strategy and complex organic synthesis procedure. Herein, an unprecedented natural AIEgen, mangiferin, has been described, which was easily obtained from mango leaves. Detailed photophysical studies, crystallographic analysis, and theoretical calculations revealed that C-glucoside substitution of mangiferin resulted in the intermolecular hydrogen bonding to form stable and unique antiparallel dimer with J-type aggregates, and suppressed aromatic strong pi-pi stacking for effective and enhanced static excimer fluorescence with large Stokes shift in aggregate state. Moreover, mangiferin exhibited fascinating advantages, such as excellent biocompatibility, high photostability, and water solubility for bioimaging. Besides, docking calculations verified the recognition of mangiferin dimer by B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein for cancer-cell mitochondria-targeted bioimaging. Impressively, mangiferin succeeded in distinguishing tumor tissues from normal tissues with high contrast after intravenously injection into mice. The present study consolidated an effective strategy for finding and fabrication of novel AIEgens, and demonstrated the new potential of mangiferin in clinical applications.
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