Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marcos L. Aranda, Tiffany M. Schmidt
Summary: The discovery of ipRGCs has shed light on their diverse roles in various visual functions and behaviors, such as regulating circadian rhythms, driving pupillary light reflex, and modulating mood and alertness. The presence of melanopsin as a unique molecular signature has enabled the development of molecular and genetic tools for studying ipRGC circuits.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Ludovic S. Mure
Summary: This article discusses the profound impact of light on health, particularly emphasizing the role of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) in non-image-forming vision. Progress in understanding human ipRGCs, including their morphology, function, and gene expression, could provide insights into how light is perceived by the human eye and aid in developing light-based therapeutic interventions. Further research on ipRGCs is critical for identifying therapeutic approaches and improving cognitive performance, mood, and quality of life through precise light usage recommendations.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Wei Zhou, Li-Qin Wang, Yu-Qi Shao, Xu Han, Chen-Xi Yu, Fei Yuan, Xin Wang, Shi-Jun Weng, Yong-Mei Zhong, Xiong-Li Yang
Summary: This study demonstrates the modulation of pupillary light response in mice by the neuropeptide orexin, specifically through enhancing pupillary constriction by influencing M2 cells. Orexin-A increases the intrinsic excitability of M2 cells by activating OX(1)Rs, ultimately improving the visual performance in mice.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Sushmitha Raja, Nina Milosavljevic, Annette E. Allen, Morven A. Cameron
Summary: Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are photoreceptors located in the ganglion cell layer. They possess intrinsic photosensitivity through melanopsin and receive inputs from rods and cones. They regulate inner and outer retinal circuitry through chemical and electrical synapses, influence ganglion cell outputs, and play a vital role in the processing of image-forming vision. This research has important implications for lighting design and ocular dysfunctions.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Jingyi Gao, Ignacio Provencio, Xiaorong Liu
Summary: Glaucoma is a severe eye disease that damages retinal ganglion cells, leading to vision loss. Different types of retinal ganglion cells degenerate and die in specific ways, resulting in differential damage to visual and non-visual functions. A specific type, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, plays a key role in non-visual responses to light. Understanding how glaucoma affects these cells and their circuits will have significant implications for improving treatment of glaucoma-associated non-visual disorders.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuan Wang, Wenzhi Yang, Pingping Zhang, Zhengxia Ding, Liecheng Wang, Juan Cheng
Summary: This study investigated the role of melanopsin in light-induced sleep in rodents using melanopsin knockout mice and melanopsin-only mice. The results showed that melanopsin significantly affects REM and NREM sleep, indicating the important role of ipRGCs in light-induced sleep in mice.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Developmental Biology
Bruce A. Rheaume, Jian Xing, Agnieszka Lukomska, William C. Theune, Ashiti Damania, Greg Sjogren, Ephraim F. Trakhtenberg
Summary: Central nervous system projection neurons cannot spontaneously regenerate injured axons. Targeting developmentally regulated genes or pro-growth tumor suppressor genes such as Pten can promote long-distance axon regeneration in a small subset of injured retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). A recent study identified rare RGC types that can regenerate long-distance axons, and revealed their cellular features, as well as novel therapeutic targets for axon regeneration.
Article
Physiology
Linjiang Lou, Baskar Arumugam, Li-Fang Hung, Zhihui She, Krista M. Beach, Earl L. Smith, Lisa A. Ostrin
Summary: Long-term exposure to 12-h narrowband blue light significantly disrupts nighttime behavioral patterns in rhesus monkeys, while pupil responses remain consistent across different lighting conditions.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jingyi Gao, Erin M. Griner, Mingna Liu, Joanna Moy, Ignacio Provencio, Xiaorong Liu
Summary: This study investigates the survival of specific types of retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) and their associated functional deficits in glaucoma. The findings suggest that different subtypes of ipRGCs are differently affected by chronic ocular hypertension, with M4 ipRGCs involved in pattern vision being susceptible to the disease. This leads to reduced contrast sensitivity and visual acuity in mice with chronic ocular hypertension. On the other hand, M1 ipRGCs responsible for regulating circadian rhythmicity show minimal cell loss and therefore do not disrupt circadian re-entrainment in glaucomatous mice.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Natalia Ziolkowska, Bogdan Lewczuk, Natalia Szyrynska, Aleksandra Rawicka, Alla Vyniarska
Summary: This study examined the impact of low-intensity blue light on the albino Wistar rat retina, specifically the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). Different exposure patterns of blue light were tested, and the results showed that prolonged exposure to low-intensity blue light caused damage to the retinas of the rats. This damage included decreased dendrite length, reduced immunoreactivity, changes in dendritic arborization, increased GFAP immunoreactivity, and apoptosis.
Article
Ophthalmology
Krystal R. Harrison, Andrew P. Chervenak, Sarah M. Resnick, Aaron N. Reifler, Kwoon Y. Wong
Summary: Our study revealed that different types of ipRGCs are coupled with amacrine cells, potentially exerting diverse modulatory effects on retinal physiology through various neuromodulators. Gap junctional ipRGC-to-amacrine signaling is mediated partly by Cx36.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Jiayi Xiao, Xin Lin, Jia Qu, Jun Zhang
Summary: ipRGCs are a special type of ganglion cell in the mammalian retina that express the photopigment melanopsin and are predominantly responsible for non-image-forming vision.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chi-Chan Lee, Feng Liang, I-Chi Lee, Tsung-Hao Lu, Yu-Yau Shan, Chih-Fan Jeng, Yan-Fang Zou, Hon-Tsen Yu, Shih-Kuo Chen (Alen)
Summary: Gut microbiota can be modulated by external light-dark cycle information from the brain to the gut, affecting the composition and relative abundance of gut microbiota's daily oscillations.
Article
Neurosciences
Jakaria Mostafa, Jason Porter, Hope M. Queener, Lisa A. Ostrin
Summary: Previous studies have shown conflicting results regarding ipRGC function after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study compared ipRGC-driven pupil responses in TBI patients and control subjects using two different pupillography protocols. The results suggest that TBI patients have significantly lower pupil constriction amplitudes compared to control subjects for both red and blue stimuli, possibly due to age-related baseline pupil size differences. While TBI and age may contribute to decreased baseline pupil diameter and constriction amplitude, responses to blue stimulation suggest no selective damage to ipRGCs.
Article
Ophthalmology
Leonie Kinder, Teele Palumaa, Moritz Lindner
Summary: ipRGCs are a small population of retinal cells that play a crucial role in non-image-forming visual functions. They are divided into specialized subtypes and can respond to light stimuli to mediate functions such as pupillary light reflex and circadian rhythm synchronization. Researchers believe that understanding the physiology of ipRGCs is essential for developing neuroprotective strategies.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lauren A. Laboissonniere, Takuma Sonoda, Seul Ki Lee, Jeffrey M. Trimarchi, Tiffany M. Schmidt
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2017)
Article
Neurosciences
Jennifer Y. Li, Tiffany M. Schmidt
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2018)
Article
Neurosciences
Takuma Sonoda, Seul Ki Lee, Lutz Birnbaumer, Tiffany M. Schmidt
Article
Cell Biology
Adele R. Tufford, Jessica R. Onyak, Katelyn B. Sondereker, Jasmine A. Lucas, Aaron M. Earley, Pierre Mattar, Samer Hattar, Tiffany M. Schmidt, Jordan M. Renna, Michel Cayouette
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kylie S. Chew, Tiffany M. Schmidt, Alan C. Rupp, Paulo Kofuji, Jeffrey M. Trimarchi
Article
Biology
Teona Munteanu, Katelyn J. Noronha, Amanda C. Leung, Simon Pan, Jasmine A. Lucas, Tiffany M. Schmidt
Article
Neurosciences
Eric R. Bray, Benjamin J. Yungher, Konstantin Levay, Marcio Ribeiro, Gennady Dvoryanchikov, Ana C. Ayupe, Kinjal Thakor, Victoria Marks, Michael Randolph, Matt C. Danzi, Tiffany M. Schmidt, Nirupa Chaudhari, Vance P. Lemmon, Samer Hattar, Kevin K. Park
Article
Biology
Alan C. Rupp, Michelle Ren, Cara M. Altimus, Diego C. Fernandez, Melissa Richardson, Fred Turek, Samer Hattar, Tiffany M. Schmidt
Article
Developmental Biology
Jasmine A. Lucas, Tiffany M. Schmidt
NEURAL DEVELOPMENT
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Takuma Sonoda, Yudai Okabe, Tiffany M. Schmidt
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Seul Ki Lee, Takuma Sonoda, Tiffany M. Schmidt
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Takuma Sonoda, Jennifer Y. Li, Nikolas W. Hayes, Jonathan C. Chan, Yudai Okabe, Stephane Belin, Homaira Nawabi, Tiffany M. Schmidt
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marcos L. Aranda, Tiffany M. Schmidt
Summary: The discovery of ipRGCs has shed light on their diverse roles in various visual functions and behaviors, such as regulating circadian rhythms, driving pupillary light reflex, and modulating mood and alertness. The presence of melanopsin as a unique molecular signature has enabled the development of molecular and genetic tools for studying ipRGC circuits.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Bruce A. Berkowitz, Tiffany Schmidt, Robert H. Podolsky, Robin Roberts
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2016)
