Article
Genetics & Heredity
April L. Peterson, Bret A. Payseur
Summary: The study found that genetic variation in recombination rates differs between males and females in house mice. Male genome-wide recombination rates vary significantly among strains, while female recombination rates in the same strains are more stable. Additionally, high recombination rates in males are associated with stronger CO interference and more double-strand breaks.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Caihong Han, Qionglin Peng, Mengshi Sun, Xinyu Jiang, Xiangbin Su, Jiangtao Chen, Mingze Ma, Huan Zhu, Xiaoxiao Ji, Yufeng Pan
Summary: Most animal species exhibit dimorphic sexual behaviors, with males showing higher levels of aggression. Current models have focused on the male-specific product of the fruitless gene, fruM, which controls male courtship and male-specific aggression patterns in fruit flies and describes a male-specific mechanism underlying sexually dimorphic behaviors. This study demonstrates that the doublesex gene (dsx), which produces male-specific DsxM and female-specific DsxF transcription factors, also plays a role in the nervous system to control both male and female sexual and aggressive behaviors.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Anke Kloock, Lena Peters, Charlotte Rafaluk-Mohr
Summary: In most animals, females invest more in offspring production than males, with females optimizing reproductive success through longer lifespans and increased investment in immunity, while males maximize success through obtaining more matings. In hermaphroditic populations, reproductive success optimization is influenced by gamete and resource availability. Microbe-mediated protection affects immunity and reproduction, but the influence of sex on the response to MMP is still to be explored.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Indrajit Nanda, Susanne Schories, Ivan Simeonov, Mateus Contar Adolfi, Kang Du, Claus Steinlein, Manfred Alsheimer, Thomas Haaf, Manfred Schartl
Summary: The conspicuous color sexual dimorphism makes guppies ideal study objects for sex-linked traits and sex chromosome evolution. The Y-chromosome in Micropoecilia. picta has been found to be highly degenerated compared to the X-chromosome, with a low SNP density and high heterochromatin content. This is in contrast to other species in the Poecilia group, indicating that the evolution of sex chromosomes is not parallel.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Naoki Morimoto, Mikaze Kawada, Yuma Tomizawa, Akihisa Kaneko, Takeshi Nishimura
Summary: Human pelvic morphology shows sexual dimorphism that is most pronounced during peak fertility and becomes less marked during menopause. This study investigates pelvic development in Japanese macaques and finds that their pelvic morphology changes throughout adulthood, potentially adjusting to the higher obstetrical risks at advanced ages.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Philipp Kaufmann, R. Axel W. Wiberg, Konstantinos Papachristos, Douglas G. Scofield, Christian Tellgren-Roth, Elina Immonen
Summary: The Y chromosome in seed beetles has been found to affect male body size and sexual size dimorphism. Researchers discovered an additional copy of the gene target of rapamycin (TOR) on the Y chromosome, which may provide a male-specific opportunity to alter body size. Despite suppressed recombination, the Y chromosome has adaptive potential as a male-limited supergene.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Biology
Linda H. Lidborg, Catharine Penelope Cross, Lynda G. Boothroyd
Summary: This study suggests that strength/muscularity may be sexually selected in humans, while other forms of masculinity do not show clear evidence of selection. Further research is needed to understand the evolutionary hypotheses in non-industrialized populations.
Article
Agronomy
Yuanjing Zhu, Tingting Dong, Fangyuan Sun, Yuxin Xiao, Qingxue Guo
Summary: The sexual dimorphism in dioecious plants plays a significant role in shaping their microbiota, with distinct differences observed in bacterial and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities. Phytohormones and defensive compounds in these plants have been found to influence the composition of the endophyte community in different soil conditions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Peshkova, Alexey Lychagin, Marina Lipina, Berardo Di Matteo, Giuseppe Anzillotti, Flavio Ronzoni, Nastasia Kosheleva, Anastasia Shpichka, Valeriy Royuk, Victor Fomin, Eugene Kalinsky, Peter Timashev, Elizaveta Kon
Summary: Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease, with females being more susceptible to its development and progression. Investigating the relationship between gender and OA, the study provides evidence of gender implications in the onset and progression of OA, suggesting future research directions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Deborah Charlesworth, Roberta Bergero, Chay Graham, Jim Gardner, Karen Keegan
Summary: Many species' sex chromosomes do not undergo recombination, possibly due to natural selection favoring linkage between sex-determining genes and mutations with sexually antagonistic effects. The guppy's Y chromosome displays suppressed recombination, but occasional recombination with X, indicating a recent evolution of a new Y chromosome. This turnover event led to male-specific coloration factors and a different way to resolve sexual conflict in guppies.
Article
Biology
Angie S. Reyes, Amaury Bittar, Laura C. C. Avila, Catalina Botia, Natalia P. Esmeral, Natasha I. Bloch
Summary: This study investigates brain neuroanatomy in 18 wild guppy populations and finds extensive variation in brain size and brain region volumes across populations in different environments and with varying degrees of predation risk. Unlike laboratory studies, differences in allometric scaling of brain regions lead to variation in brain region proportions across populations. The study also reveals an association between sexual traits and brain size.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Entomology
Gloria Bartolo, Leandra O. Gonzalez, Anastasia Levitin, Mikhail Martchenko Shilman
Summary: This study focuses on the protein-encoding genes of the Drosophila melanogaster Y chromosome and their role in immunity. The researchers found that several Y genes affect male sensitivity to bacterial and fungal infections, with one gene increasing sensitivity to fungal infection. These findings suggest potential for the development of inhibitors for these genes to combat pests like fruit flies and protect pollinators like Diptera from fungal infections.
Article
Cell Biology
Shuhei Niitsu, Takehiko Kamito
Summary: The steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) induced sexually dimorphic changes in wing epithelial cells of the winter moth, triggering massive programmed cell death (PCD) only in female pupal wings. The detailed morphological changes and mechanisms underlying early sexual trait development and cell death in the pupal wings are still unclear, calling for further research to understand the process more comprehensively.
CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jan-Inge Bjune, Pouda Panahandeh Stromland, Regine Asen Jersin, Gunnar Mellgren, Simon Nitter Dankel
Summary: Sex hormones play an important role in the differences between males and females in terms of body fat distribution and associated disease risk. Estrogen, in particular, is associated with more fat storage on hips and thighs rather than in visceral depots. It exerts its effects on adipocytes through estrogen receptors, protecting against adipose inflammation and fibrosis. The exact mechanisms of estrogen-dependent body fat distribution are not fully understood but involve signaling pathways, autophagy suppression, and epigenetic regulation. More research is needed to understand the specific effects of estrogen on different adipocyte subtypes and its role in sexual dimorphisms and obesity-related disease risk.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ramsha Nabihah Khan, Kristal Maner-Smith, Joshua A. Owens, Maria Estefania Barbian, Rheinallt M. Jones, Crystal R. Naudin
Summary: The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in host metabolism and cardiovascular health by modulating the endocannabinoid system (ECS). These findings could potentially be exploited as novel therapeutic targets for various metabolic and cardiac diseases.