Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 118, Issue 45, Pages -Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111943118
Keywords
female competitiveness; cooperation; gender wage gap; tournament; dictator game
Categories
Funding
- NSF [1919535, 61171]
- Divn Of Social and Economic Sciences
- Direct For Social, Behav & Economic Scie [1919535] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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This study shows that when the incentive for winning includes sharing rewards, both men and women enter competitions at the same rate. The gender gap is eliminated in socially oriented incentive treatment, with women significantly increasing their entry rate.
We provide evidence that women enter competitions at the same rate as men when the incentive for winning includes the option to share part of the rewards with the losers (i.e., when the incentive system is socially oriented). Using an experiment (with N = 238 subjects from three laboratories), we find that about 16% more men than women choose to compete in the standard tournament; this gender gap is eliminated in the socially oriented incentive treatment. While men's choice to compete remains unchanged, at around 52% in both conditions, women increase their entry rate from 35% in the standard tournament to 60% when the incentive includes a socially oriented option.
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