Journal
INNATE IMMUNITY
Volume 22, Issue 8, Pages 647-657Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.1177/1753425916668243
Keywords
Interleukin-10 (IL-10); macrophages; macrophage polarization; tumor-associated macrophages (TAM)
Categories
Funding
- Northwestern University Physical Sciences-Oncology Center through NM award [U54 CA143869-05]
- Northwestern University
- Northwestern University Flow Cytometry Facility
- Cancer Center Support Grant [NCI CA060553]
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Macrophages are ubiquitous innate immune cells that play a central role in health and disease by adopting distinct phenotypes, which are broadly divided into classical inflammatory responses and alternative responses that promote immune suppression and wound healing. Although macrophages are attractive therapeutic targets, incomplete understanding of this functional choice limits clinical manipulation. While individual stimuli, pathways, and genes involved in macrophage functional responses have been identified, how macrophages evaluate complex invivo milieus comprising multiple divergent stimuli remains poorly understood. Here, we used combinations of incoherent stimulithose that individually promote distinct macrophage phenotypesto elucidate how the immunosuppressive, IL-10-driven macrophage phenotype is induced, maintained, and modulated under such combinatorial stimuli. The IL-10-induced immunosuppressive phenotype was largely insensitive to co-administered IL-12, which has been reported to modulate macrophage phenotype, but maintaining the immunosuppressive phenotype required sustained exposure to IL-10. Our data implicate the intracellular protein, BCL3, as a key mediator of the IL-10-driven phenotype. Notably, co-administration of IFN- disrupted an IL-10-mediated positive feedback loop that may reinforce the immunosuppressive phenotype. This novel combinatorial perturbation approach thus generated new insights into macrophage decision making and local immune network function.
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