Journal
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
Volume 22, Issue 6, Pages 1403-1411Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000798
Keywords
dairy products; calcium; etiology; Crohn's disease; ulcerative colitis
Categories
Funding
- Dr. Falk Pharma
- European Commission (DG-SANCO)
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
- Danish Cancer Society (Denmark)
- Ligue contre le Cancer
- Institut Gustave Roussy
- Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale
- French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) (France)
- German Cancer Aid
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
- Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (Germany)
- Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece)
- Italian Association for Research on Cancer
- Compagnia San Paolo (Italy)
- Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports
- Dutch Prevention Funds
- LK Research Funds
- Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland)
- World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)
- Statistics Netherlands (the Netherlands)
- Swedish Cancer Society
- Swedish Scientific Council
- Regional Government of Skane
- Regional Government of Vasterbotten (Sweden)
- Cancer Research UK [C8221/A19170]
- Medical Research Council [MR/M012190/1]
- MRC [MR/N003284/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Cancer Research UK [16491, 14136] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [G0401527, MR/N003284/1, G1000143] Funding Source: researchfish
- National Institute for Health Research [NF-SI-0512-10114] Funding Source: researchfish
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Background:Dairy products may be involved in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease by modulating gut microbiota and immune responses, but data from epidemiological studies examining this relationship are limited. We investigated the association between prediagnostic intake of these foods and dietary calcium, and the subsequent development of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods:In total, 401,326 participants were enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. At recruitment, consumption of total and specific dairy products (milk, yogurt, and cheese) and dietary calcium was measured using validated food frequency questionnaires. Cases developing incident CD (n = 110) or UC (n = 244) during follow-up were matched with 4 controls. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for total energy intake and smoking.Results:Compared with the lowest quartile, the ORs for the highest quartile of total dairy products and dietary calcium intake were 0.61 (95% CI, 0.32-1.19, p (trend) = 0.19) and 0.63 (95% CI, 0.28-1.42, p (trend) = 0.23) for CD, and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.50-1.30, p (trend) = 0.40) and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.49-1.34, p (trend) = 0.60) for UC, respectively. Compared with nonconsumers, individuals consuming milk had significantly reduced odds of CD (OR 0.30, 95% CI, 0.13-0.65) and nonsignificantly reduced odds of UC (OR 0.85, 95% CI, 0.49-1.47).Conclusions:Milk consumption may be associated with a decreased risk of developing CD, although a clear dose-response relationship was not established. Further studies are warranted to confirm this possible protective effect.
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