Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Hassene Aissi, A. Ridha Mahjoub
Summary: In this paper, we study the budgeted minimum s - t cut problem in a directed graph G = (V, A) with two distinguished nodes s and t, k non-negative cost functions c(1),..., c(k) : A -> Z(+), and k - 1 budget bounds b(1),..., bk(-1). The goal is to find an s - t cut C that satisfies the budget constraints c(h)(C) <= b(h) for h = 1,..., k-1, and minimizes the cost c(k) (C). We discuss the linear relaxation of the problem, introduce a strict partial ordering on its solutions, provide a necessary and sufficient condition for an integral optimal minimal basic solution with respect to this ordering, and prove that recognizing whether this condition holds is NP-hard.
MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Yi-Hui Lee, Kuan-Hung Chen, Zhang-Hua Fong
Summary: Face gear sets, used in crossed axes transmission, have the advantages of easy assembly and large gear ratio. A standard spiral bevel gear generator and standard face-milling cutting tools are proposed in this study to produce a face gear. The feasibility of the proposed methodology is verified through numerical examples and cutting experiments.
JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Katarzyna Aleksandra Wojtowicz, Sabina Hodzic
Summary: This article investigates the financial resilience profiles of large cities in Poland and Croatia from 2010 to 2020 and identifies the factors differentiating the identified resilience patterns. The research reveals different patterns of financial resilience among cities in both countries and highlights the importance of internal financial capacity in determining the differences in financial resilience.
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kemi Oloyede
Summary: Kemi Oloyede reflects on the importance of LGBTQ+ STEM events in combating inertia within the scientific community.
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bianca Nogrady
Summary: Numerous researchers have reported receiving death threats or threats of physical or sexual violence.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jing Liu, Wen-Jun Luo, Li-Li Liu
Summary: This study investigates the impact of earthquakes on tunnel excavation by modifying the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and introducing a cut-off for tensile strength. A kinematic analysis of the tunnel face subjected to earthquakes is conducted, and the pseudo-dynamic method is used to simulate the earthquake with varying acceleration. The study optimizes the tunnel face support pressure under the limit analysis framework and reveals the influence of soil and pseudo-dynamic parameters on the critical support pressure. The results provide valuable insights for the seismic design of tunnel engineering construction.
KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Mauricio Lamano Ferreira, Claudia Terezinha Kniess, Wanderley Meira Silva, Anderson Targino da Silva Ferreira
Summary: Megacities around the world confront economic and territorial challenges, and future climate predictions predict greater social and environmental issues in the coming decades. It is urgent to have strategic planning for sustainable adaptation in all aspects. Some cities, like Sao Paulo, lacked environmental planning during rapid urban development in the 20th century, necessitating the expansion of green infrastructure, especially connecting forest fragments with the urban fabric. This study aimed to evaluate the increase of urban parks, understand ecosystem services provided by urban forests, and associate environmental management with political stability in Sao Paulo.
Editorial Material
Physics, Applied
Stephen J. Blundell
Summary: Stephen Blundell reflects on the history of disagreements among scientists, from ancient Greece to the present day debates on room-temperature superconductivity. These disagreements provide insights into the art of engaging in productive debates.
NATURE REVIEWS PHYSICS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kelly R. Stevens, Kristyn S. Masters, P. I. Imoukhuede, Karmella A. Haynes, Lori A. Setton, Elizabeth Cosgriff-Hernandez, Muyinatu A. Lediju Bell, Padmini Rangamani, Shelly E. Sakiyama-Elbert, Stacey D. Finley, Rebecca K. Willits, Abigail N. Koppes, Naomi C. Chesler, Karen L. Christman, Josephine B. Allen, Joyce Y. Wong, Hana El-Samad, Tejal A. Desai, Omolola Eniola-Adefeso
Summary: The racial funding disparity by NIH is identified as a significant barrier to success for Black faculty members, prompting a collective effort to address and dismantle it.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jesse S. Boehm
Summary: Parent scientists are leading the effort to introduce surveillance testing for SARS-CoV-2 in public schools across Massachusetts and beyond.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Zornitsa Mitkova, Maria Dimitrova, Miglena Doneva, Konstantin Tachkov, Maria Kamusheva, Lyubomir Marinov, Nikolay Gerasimov, Dimitar Tcharaktchiev, Guenka Petrova
Summary: Central and Eastern European countries have implemented various cost-containment measures to control the rising healthcare expenditure. This study analyzed the influence of a new budget capping measure in Bulgaria and predicted future trends in healthcare and pharmaceutical budgets. The study found that healthcare and pharmaceutical spending increased permanently, with oncology and life-saving medicines being the highest expenditure. The introduced budget cap is relatively effective, but there are significant overspending and pay-back amounts, indicating insufficient foresight and implementation of market environmental risk factors.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Social
Mansi P. Joshi, E. Paige Lloyd, Amanda B. Diekman, Kurt Hugenberg
Summary: Impressions of role leaders' facial structures can influence perceptions of cooperative opportunities in STEM fields. Trustworthy faces are associated with valuing communal goals and providing more opportunities for cooperation. This perception affects students' attitudes towards fairness and interest in the leader's research group.
PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Eileen Crist, William J. Ripple, Paul R. Ehrlich, William E. Rees, Christopher Wolf
Summary: In order to address the climate emergency and biodiversity collapse, humanity must commit to transformative change on all levels, particularly by stabilizing and ultimately reducing the human population size through population policies, promoting equity and human rights.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemical Research Methods
Vivien Marx
Summary: Some scientists manage to combine their love for sports with their research.
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shannon Hall
Summary: Astronomers witness an extraordinary fireworks show from a dying star, unlike anything they have ever seen before.
