Article
Clinical Neurology
Oscar H. Del Brutto, Denisse A. Rumbea, Bettsy Y. Recalde, Robertino M. Mera
Summary: This study aimed to assess whether COVID-19-related cognitive decline is a permanent deficit or if it improves over time. The results suggest that long COVID-related cognitive decline may spontaneously improve over time.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luca Santoro, Vincenzo Zaccone, Lorenzo Falsetti, Vittorio Ruggieri, Martina Danese, Chiara Miro, Angela Di Giorgio, Antonio Nesci, Alessia D'Alessandro, Gianluca Moroncini, Angelo Santoliquido
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn attention to endothelial dysfunction caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although primarily affecting the pulmonary system, the virus can also damage the vascular system, leading to endotheliitis and multi-organ injury. Various mechanisms contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction, including cell injury, hyperinflammation, oxidative stress, glycocalyx disruption, hypercoagulability, and thrombosis. Patients with long COVID, a systemic disorder following acute-phase infection, may experience a range of cardiovascular complications. This review provides an overview of the molecular patterns of enduring endothelial activation and the latest summary of cardiovascular complications in long COVID.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Giulia Gamberini, Fabio Giuseppe Masuccio, Marta Cerrato, Mara Strazzacappa, Diana Ferraro, Claudio Solaro
Summary: The aim of the study was to explore the cognitive functions of a large sample of hospitalised subjects with mild symptomatic Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) who were previously independent at home and without neurological diseases. The results showed that some patients had impaired cognitive function, especially in executive function and memory.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Review
Virology
Carolina Baroni, Jorge Potito, Maria Eugenia Perticone, Paola Orausclio, Carlos Marcelo Luna
Summary: This review summarizes the current evidence on the long-term consequences of COVID-19 in patients with prolonged and complicated course. Abnormalities in respiratory, cardiac, digestive, and neurological/psychiatric functions are common in these patients. Symptoms can be either organic or functional. Vaccination is not associated with long-COVID, but vaccinated individuals can still develop this condition.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Felicity Callard, Elisa Perego
Summary: Patients collectively created "Long Covid" and similar terms during the early months of the pandemic, demonstrating a longer and more complex illness course than initially reported. They used social media to spread their experiences and influence formal clinical and policy channels, showing how patients can contribute to changing the understanding and treatment of COVID-19.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Gabriel A. de Erausquin, Heather Snyder, Maria Carrillo, Akram A. Hosseini, Traolach S. Brugha, Sudha Seshadri
Summary: The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the central nervous system has raised concerns about the risk of later life cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease, and other dementia. An international consortium has been formed to study the short and long-term consequences of the virus on the CNS and enroll individuals for evaluations to better understand the underlying biology contributing to AD and dementia.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ted L. Rothstein
Summary: COVID-19 infection can lead to long term cognitive symptoms and neurological sequelae. Advanced imaging techniques can help quantify brain volume depletions in these patients. This study found a significant reduction in cortical grey matter volume in 24 COVID-19 infected patients.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel P. Cardinali, Gregory M. Brown, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal
Summary: COVID-19 patients may experience long-term symptoms such as cognitive issues, chronic fatigue, and muscle weakness. Melatonin, as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, has the potential to reduce the signs and symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. It also helps prevent comorbidities associated with COVID-19. Further research on the therapeutic use of melatonin in the neurological sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection is needed.
Review
Immunology
Thor Mertz Schou, Samia Joca, Gregers Wegener, Cecilie Bay-Richter
Summary: COVID-19 patients may exhibit psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, depression, PTSD, cognitive deficits, fatigue, and sleep disturbances. Potential risk factors include disease severity, duration of symptoms, and female sex. Survivors of COVID-19 are at risk of psychiatric sequelae, but symptoms generally improve over time.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Ting-Hui Liu, Jheng-Yan Wu, Po-Yu Huang, Ya-Wen Tsai, Chih-Cheng Lai
Summary: A retrospective cohort study evaluated the impact of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (NMV-r) on the long-term risk of neuropsychiatric sequelae following COVID-19. Nonhospitalized adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 1, 2020 and July 1, 2022 were identified and divided into two matched cohorts with and without receiving NMV-r. The study found that patients treated with NMV-r had a reduced risk of neuropsychiatric sequelae, including dementia, depression, insomnia, and anxiety disorder, compared to the control group.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Aurelien Philippe, Sven Guenther, Jeanne Rancic, Pauline Cavagna, Bertrand Renaud, Nicolas Gendron, Elie Mousseaux, Thong Hua-Huy, Guillaume Reverdito, Benjamin Planquette, Olivier Sanchez, Pascale Gaussem, Dominique Salmon, Jean-Luc Diehl, David M. Smadja
Summary: This study investigated the correlation between biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and persistent clinical symptoms and pulmonary function defects in long COVID-19 patients. The study found that angiogenesis-related biomarkers and von Willebrand factor (VWF) levels were increased in long COVID-19 patients, and VEGF-A emerged as the most significant predictive factor associated with persistent lung CT scan lesions and impaired DLCO measurement.
Review
Neurosciences
George B. Stefano, Pascal Buttiker, Simon Weissenberger, Radek Ptacek, Fuzhou Wang, Tobias Esch, Thomas Bilfinger, Jiri Raboch, Richard M. Kream
Summary: The long-term sequelae of COVID-19, including cognitive dysfunction such as brain fog, are becoming increasingly recognized. The mechanisms underlying these neuropsychiatric manifestations are complex, but mitochondrial dysregulation is a key factor. These manifestations are not dissimilar from those observed in other pandemics, suggesting potential common mechanisms of CNS dysfunction subsequent to viral infection. COVID-19 may also worsen neurological deficits in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Preventing, diagnosing, and managing sustained neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 is crucial.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Michael J. Paidas, Daniela S. Cosio, Saad Ali, Norma Sue Kenyon, Arumugam R. Jayakumar
Summary: This study observed acute COVID-19 symptoms and long-term sequelae in a mouse model of COVID-19. After 12 months of infection, severe pathological changes were observed in the brain, lungs, and hearts, with the brain being particularly affected. The study also found that treatment with a synthetic peptide attenuated disease progression and pathological changes.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Julia Hanne Niebauer, Christina Binder-Rodriguez, Ahmet Iscel, Sarah Schedl, Christophe Capelle, Michael Kahr, Simona Cadjo, Simon Schamilow, Roza Badr-Eslam, Michael Lichtenauer, Aurel Toma, Alexander Zoufaly, Rosmarie Valenta, Sabine Hoffmann, Silvia Charwat-Resl, Christian Krestan, Wolfgang Hitzl, Christoph Wenisch, Diana Bonderman
Summary: We aimed to identify the long-term cardiopulmonary effects of severe COVID-19 disease and the predictors of Long-COVID. A prospective registry included 150 hospitalized patients who were followed up six months after discharge. The study found that a majority of patients fulfilled the criteria for Long-COVID, and various cardiopulmonary abnormalities were detected, including impaired pulmonary function, reduced GLS, and diastolic dysfunction. Predictors of Long-COVID included length of in-hospital stay, admission to the intensive care unit, and higher NT-proBNP levels.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ziyad Al-Aly, Benjamin Bowe, Yan Xie
Summary: This study analyzed the US Department of Veterans Affairs national healthcare databases to investigate the occurrence of Long COVID and death risk after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection. The findings showed that vaccination significantly reduced the risk of death and post-acute sequelae but did not eliminate them completely. These results underscore the importance of further research on prevention and post-acute care for breakthrough infections.
Article
Ethics
Ariane Lewis
Summary: This article examines the management of court cases in the United Kingdom regarding objections to the use of neurologic criteria to determine death. It summarizes important legal cases and discusses ethical issues raised by these challenges, comparing them to the situation in the USA.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ariane Lewis, Steven Galetta
Summary: In the article "Teaching Video NeuroImage: Bilateral Hemifacial Spasm in Giant Cell Arteritis," Sechi et al. presented a video of a patient with giant cell arteritis who had bilateral hemifacial spasm. They believed the contractions were caused by facial nerve irritation. However, Cornblath and Eggenberger suggested that the simultaneous and bilateral contractions of the orbicularis and frontalis muscles appeared to be centrally mediated and could be related to an epileptic phenomenon associated with supratentorial infarcts. Sechi et al. provided evidence to support their initial explanation, including the patient's asymmetric cheek movements, involvement of upper facial muscles, improvement with steroids, normal EEG, and absence of recurrence.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ariane Lewis, Steven Galetta
Summary: In their study, Shah et al. found that 17% of Aquaporin-4+ NMOSD patients have asymptomatic optic nerve enhancement, mostly at the site of prior optic neuritis. This could indicate intermittent blood-brain barrier breakdown or subclinical optic neuritis. However, it is unclear if asymptomatic enhancement is associated with a higher risk of relapse, and further studies are needed to explore this and the varying prognostic value of enhancement in different parts of the neuroaxis.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ariane Lewis, Steven Galetta
Summary: In their research article, Chassoux et al. conducted a retrospective review on 60 patients with focal cortical dysplasia type 2 (FCD2) in the central region who underwent surgical resection. They found that 88% of patients achieved seizure freedom after surgery, and although 87% experienced early transitory postoperative deficits, 40% of them fully recovered. It was also observed that patients with FCD2 can have preoperative and postoperative neurologic deficits, and some patients showed improvement after surgery.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ariane Lewis
Summary: This manuscript explores the international variability in the diagnosis and management of disorders of consciousness (DoC). The impact of financial, legal, cultural, religious, and psychosocial considerations on DoC diagnosis and management is discussed. Improvements in clinical care, education, advocacy, and research are needed globally. Standardized methodology for evaluating consciousness and prognosticating outcome is imperative, as well as education to raise awareness and develop communication techniques about DoC. Equity in access to expertise and resources is necessary, along with harmonization of existing datasets and establishment of international clinical trial networks.
Article
Anesthesiology
Sam D. Shemie, Lindsay C. Wilson, Laura Hornby, John Basmaji, Andrew J. Baker, Cecile M. Bensimon, Jennifer A. Chandler, Michael Chasse, Rosanne Dawson, Sonny Dhanani, Owen T. Mooney, Aimee J. Sarti, Christy Simpson, Jeanne Teitelbaum, Sylvia Torrance, J. Gordon Boyd, Joanne Brennan, Heather Brewster, Robert Carignan, Kirk J. Dawe, Christopher J. Doig, Kennedy Elliott-Pohl, Teneille E. Gofton, Michael Hartwick, Andrew Healey, Kimia Honarmand, Karen Hornby, George Isac, Aly Kanji, Joann Kawchuk, Jennifer A. Klowak, Andreas H. Kramer, Julie Kromm, Allana E. LeBlanc, Katarina Lee-Ameduri, Laurie A. Lee, Murdoch Leeies, Ariane Lewis, Alex Manara, Shauna Matheson, Nicole K. A. McKinnon, Nicholas Murphy, Joel Neves Briard, Thaddeus M. Pope, Mypinder S. Sekhon, Jai Jai S. Shanker, Gurmeet Singh, Jeffrey Singh, Marat Slessarev, Karim Soliman, Stephanie Sutherland, Matthew J. Weiss, Randi Zlotnik Shaul, Lionel S. Zuckier, David J. Zorko, Bram Rochwerg
Summary: This 2023 Clinical Practice Guideline provides the biomedical definition of death based on permanent cessation of brain function and recommends death determination methods for potential organ donors based on circulatory criteria and for all mechanically ventilated patients based on neurologic criteria, regardless of organ donation potential. This Guideline is endorsed by various medical associations and organizations in Canada.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA-JOURNAL CANADIEN D ANESTHESIE
(2023)
Review
Anesthesiology
W. E. Spears, Ariane Lewis, Azza Bakkar, Elana Kreiger-Benson, Andrew Kumpfbeck, Jordan Liebman, Gene Sung, Sylvia Torrance, Sam D. Shemie, David M. Greer
Summary: There is ambiguity and variability in the definition of "brainstem death" and "whole brain death" in international protocols for determining brain death/death by neurologic criteria. Some protocols require assessment for loss of function of the whole brain, while others only require assessment for loss of function of the brainstem. It is important to establish clear definitions and protocols regarding the assessment of brain function in cases of brain injury.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA-JOURNAL CANADIEN D ANESTHESIE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Cen Zhang, Arielle Kurzweil, Perrin Pleninger, Aaron Nelson, Lindsey Gurin, Sondra Zabar, Steven L. Galetta, Laura J. Balcer, Ariane Lewis
Summary: A survey of NYU neurology teaching faculty found a high proportion of discomfort and lack of experience in providing negative feedback, debriefing after an adverse outcome, and assisting struggling colleagues. Female faculty and those early in their careers were more likely to feel uncomfortable. Faculty development is needed to improve communication skills.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jennifer A. Frontera, Ariane Lewis, Les James, Kara Melmed, Brendan Parent, Eytan Raz, Syed T. Hussain, Deane E. Smith, Nader Moazami
Summary: The use of thoracoabdominal normothermic regional perfusion (TA-NRP) in donation after circulatory death (DCD) is an important development in organ donation. However, there have been concerns about the restoration of brain blood flow. In this study, the authors used intraoperative transcranial Doppler (TCD) to assess brain blood flow in two DCD TA-NRP cases and found no evidence of restored blood flow.
JOURNAL OF HEART AND LUNG TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Ariane Lewis, Steven Galetta
Summary: In patients with B-Cell lymphoma treated with CAR T-cell therapy, 11 out of 19 patients developed acute neurotoxicity, but none of them showed changes in cognitive performance or MRI results 2 years post-treatment. However, other studies have demonstrated long-term visuospatial, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric symptoms after CAR T-cell therapy, highlighting the need for further research with larger sample sizes.
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Ariane Lewis, Steven Galetta
Article
Clinical Neurology
Megan Finneran, Ariane Lewis
Summary: There is a call for the neuroscience community to promote uniformity in the determination of brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC). Engaging with state medical societies is one way to achieve this advocacy. The principal author recognized the ambiguity and inconsistency in her hospital's policy on BD/DNC determination, leading her to propose a resolution to the Illinois State Medical Society (ISMS) in order to encourage uniformity across the state. Although ISMS approved the resolution, its effectiveness remains uncertain due to certain shortcomings. Nevertheless, other neuroscience clinicians are encouraged to collaborate with their respective state medical societies to advocate for uniformity in BD/DNC determination.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Sung-Min Cho, Chiara Robba, Michael N. Diringer, Daniel F. Hanley, J. Claude Hemphill, Janneke Horn, Ariane Lewis, Sarah L. Livesay, David Menon, Tarek Sharshar, Robert D. Stevens, James Torner, Paul M. Vespa, Wendy C. Ziai, Marcus Spann, Raimund Helbok, Jose Suarez
Summary: To address the lack of knowledge regarding clinical trial design for patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC), a research group conducted a gap analysis and proposed optimal clinical trial designs for DoC studies.
NEUROCRITICAL CARE
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Ariane Lewis
Summary: This article discusses the pause in the revision of the Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA) by the Uniform Law Commission, and the thematic review of comments submitted by medical organizations, organ procurement organizations, and advocacy organizations. While most organizations support revision, there are differing viewpoints on the approach, making it difficult to reach a consensus.
NEUROCRITICAL CARE
(2023)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Ariane Lewis, Steven Galetta