Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Mariana Brutt Pacheco, Vania Camilo, Nair Lopes, Filipa Moreira-Silva, Margareta P. Correia, Rui Henrique, Carmen Jeronimo
Summary: The combined treatment of DNA methylation inhibitor hydralazine and histone deacetylase inhibitors panobinostat and valproic acid showed synergistic growth inhibitory effects on prostate cancer cells, particularly in DU145 cells. This suggests that these drugs may be potential therapeutic tools to counteract the progression of prostate cancer.
Review
Oncology
Edith Borcoman, Maud Kamal, Gregoire Marret, Celia Dupain, Zahra Castel-Ajgal, Christophe Le Tourneau
Summary: Immunotherapy has made a breakthrough in medical oncology with the approval of several immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical routine, improving overall survival of advanced cancer patients with refractory disease. However, only a minority of patients experience a durable response, leading to the development of combination strategies and novel immunotherapy drugs. Epigenetic alterations play a key role in tumor immune escape, and epidrugs like HDAC inhibitors can prime the anti-tumor immune response, making them interesting partners for combination strategies with immunotherapy agents.
Review
Oncology
Asmaa Elrakaybi, Dietrich A. Ruess, Michael Luebbert, Michael Quante, Heiko Becker
Summary: Epigenetic alterations play a significant role in the biology of PDAC, providing insights into its aggressive nature and offering new avenues for personalized therapies.
Article
Oncology
Li Pang, Mei Xie, Xidong Ma, Aiben Huang, Jialin Song, Jie Yao, Hui Deng, Duchao Zhang, Xuelei Zang, Fangping Ren, Jie Gao, Chongchong Wu, Yuanyong Wang, Xin Zhang, Xinyu Bao, Lei Pan, Xinying Xue
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical and imaging data of 704 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who received immunotherapy, and summarized the clinical characteristics and therapeutic effects of checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis.
Review
Immunology
Bi Lian, Xiaosong Chen, Kunwei Shen
Summary: Breast cancer is a common malignancy with poor prognosis globally. Immunotherapy has shown promise in improving survival rates for breast cancer patients, but resistance to treatment remains a challenge. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a role in tumorigenesis and can be targeted by HDAC inhibitors, which have demonstrated anticancer activity in various cancers including breast cancer. HDAC inhibitors have also been found to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy in breast cancer. This review explores the anti-tumor activity of different HDAC inhibitors in breast cancer and discusses their mechanisms in improving immunotherapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Wiktoria Blaszczak, Geng Liu, Hong Zhu, Wojciech Barczak, Amit Shrestha, Gulsah Albayrak, Shunsheng Zheng, David Kerr, Anastasia Samsonova, Nicholas B. La Thangue
Summary: Aberrant protein acetylation is strongly associated with tumorigenesis, and targeting histone deacetylase (HDAC) through small-molecule inhibitors has been a focus in clinical trials. The novel HDAC inhibitor CXD101 has shown effects on gene expression in human and murine colorectal cancer cells, particularly related to immune-relevant concepts. By reinstating immune-relevant gene expression in the tumor microenvironment and enhancing antitumor activity when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors, CXD101 presents a powerful rationale for exploring combination therapy in human cancers.
MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ignacio Silva-Llanes, Chang Hoon Shin, Jose Jimenez-Villegas, Myriam Gorospe, Isabel Lastres-Becker
Summary: The transcription factor NRF2 regulates the expression of genes encoding epigenetic regulatory factors by binding to their promoter regions containing ARE sequences. This study confirms NRF2's role in regulating histone deacetylases, DNA methyltransferases, and proteins involved in microRNA biogenesis. Additionally, NRF2 is found to be involved in the degradation of miR-155-5p through its interaction with Nfe2l2 mRNA. These findings demonstrate the epigenetic regulatory function of NRF2 and its potential implications for therapeutic strategies.
Review
Oncology
Yihang Fu, Wei Xiao, Yuxiang Mao
Summary: This review focuses on the latest research on immunotherapy for uveal melanoma. Although the disease can be controlled locally, half of the patients still develop metastases. There are currently no standard strategies for preventing or treating metastases. Existing therapies only produce minimal responses. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have limited effects in uveal melanoma, while adoptive cell transfer-related therapies appear promising.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Annoor Awadasseid, Yongnan Zhou, Koutian Zhang, Kaiming Tian, Yanling Wu, Wen Zhang
Summary: PD-1 is a receptor that inhibits T cell activation and is a target for cancer immunotherapy. PD-1 expression remains high on stimulated T cells, making them less responsive to stimuli. Research on the PD-1 axis and its inhibitory signals is growing, aiming to uncover new therapeutic targets.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Eugenia Passaro, Chiara Papulino, Ugo Chianese, Antonella Toraldo, Raffaella Congi, Nunzio Del Gaudio, Maria Maddalena Nicoletti, Rosaria Benedetti, Lucia Altucci
Summary: Autophagy is a crucial intracellular catabolic mechanism involved in cancer, with the potential to either promote or prevent tumorigenesis. HDAC6 serves as a key regulator of autophagy, and inhibitors targeting this enzyme may be used as adjunctive therapy in cancer treatment.
Review
Oncology
Everardo D. Saad, Elisabeth Coart, Vaiva Deltuvaite-Thomas, Leandro Garcia-Barrado, Tomasz Burzykowski, Marc Buyse
Summary: Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, but it presents unique challenges in terms of clinical trial methodology. This article discusses the most important challenges and provides suggestions to address them.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Fahad Hussain Mohammed, Franz Cemic, Joergen Hemberger, Shibashish Giri
Summary: Epigenetic regions such as VEGF, EGFR, TGFb, DNMTs, HDAC1/2, and miRNA are innovative druggable targets for building a novel platform of drugs for preventive and regenerative skin health care. Clinical and preclinical trials are being conducted for skin regeneration using epigenetic-based small molecules. Epigenetic writers, eraser targets, and epigenetic readers will play a crucial role in skin regenerative therapy in the near future.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ying Wang, Mengxue Yang, Mingyang Tao, Peipei Liu, Cheng Kong, Hao Li, Yingmei Chen, Xudong Yin, Xuebing Yan
Summary: The use of corticosteroids for cancer-related indications in lung cancer patients receiving ICI treatment is associated with poorer prognosis, as demonstrated by meta-analysis and retrospective analysis. Subgroup analysis focusing on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) showed similar results, highlighting the importance of careful selection of corticosteroid-treated patients for ICI therapy in personalized clinical management.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Afshin Zand, Sodbuyan Enkhbilguun, John M. Macharia, Ferenc Budan, Zoltan Gyongyi, Timea Varjas
Summary: In recent years, synthetic food colorants have shown wider properties compared to natural equivalents, but their health impact is still not well understood. This study aimed to determine the long-term effects of tartrazine, a commonly used artificial food colorant, on NMRI mice. The results showed significant upregulation of genes in various organs following tartrazine intake, suggesting possible associations with carcinogenesis and neurological disorders.
Review
Oncology
Yefang Lao, Daoming Shen, Weili Zhang, Rui He, Min Jiang
Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibitors are an important strategy in cancer therapy, but some patients develop resistance to these inhibitors. Understanding the mechanisms of antitumor action and drug resistance is crucial to narrow down the population of resistant patients. This review discusses the antitumor action sites and mechanisms of different types of immune checkpoint inhibitors, as well as proposes current and future solutions for resistance.
Review
Immunology
Xiangye Zhao, Kewei Ma, Xiaobo Ma, Xu Wang, Chao Sun, Shi Qiu, Ye Guo, Zhiguang Yang, Yunpeng Liu, Yinghui Xu
Summary: Immunotherapy may lead to pseudoprogression, where tumors initially grow but shrink with continued treatment. This article reports a case of pseudoprogression in a lung cancer patient receiving immunotherapy, and reviews the mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and prognostic indicators of pseudoprogression.
Article
Immunology
Ling-zhijie Kong, Ying Zheng, Kaichun Li
Summary: Treatment options for metastatic colorectal cancer are limited after second-line chemotherapy failure. In this case report, a 59-year-old male patient achieved remarkable response to fruquintinib and toripalimab combination therapy after multiple lines of chemotherapy failed. The patient had partial response within 3 months and complete response of pulmonary masses within 12 months. The combination of fruquintinib and PD-1 inhibitors improves the prognosis of metastatic colorectal cancer, with a progression-free survival of over 17 months.
