Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Colin M. Clay, Brian D. Cherrington, Amy M. Navratil
Summary: Gonadotropes cells in the anterior pituitary gland play a critical role in reproductive health by generating the LH surge required for ovulation through increasing sensitivity to GnRH, elevating GnRHR expression, and altering cellular morphology.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hirotaka Hasegawa, Cody L. Nesvick, Dana Erickson, Salomon Cohen Cohen, Yagiz U. Yolcu, Zaraq Khan, Aditya Raghunathan, Todd B. Nippoldt, John L. Atkinson, Jamie J. Van Gompel
Summary: Gonadotroph pituitary adenoma (Gn-PA) can rarely cause ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, leading to infertility in women. Adenoma resection is the main treatment, which can reduce symptoms and increase the likelihood of successful pregnancy.
WORLD NEUROSURGERY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuichi Shima, Kanako Miyabayashi, Takami Mori, Koji Ono, Mizuki Kajimoto, Hae Lim Cho, Hitomi Tsuchida, Yoshihisa Uenoyama, Hiroko Tsukamura, Kentaro Suzuki, Man Ho Choi, Kazunori Toida
Summary: This study discovered that deletion of the pituitary enhancer located in the 6th intron of the Nr5a1 gene in mice leads to the disappearance of NR5A1 in the pituitary gland and severely affects the development of reproductive organs. Transcriptomic analysis further identified genes that are specifically dependent on NR5A1 expression in pituitary gonadotropes, which play important roles in reproductive organ development through regulation of pituitary gonadotrope functions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aleisha M. Moore, Lique M. Coolen, Michael N. Lehman
Summary: The hypothalamic pulse generator in the arcuate nucleus controls the episodic release of GnRH and LH, and consists of synchronized KNDy neurons. These episodes of synchronization precede LH pulses and occur in a temporal order, with certain subsets of KNDy cells serving as leaders.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Silvia Leon, Chrysanthi Fergani, Rajae Talbi, Caroline A. Maguire, Achi Gerutshang, Stephanie B. Seminara, Victor M. Navarro
Summary: Tachykinins play an important role in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction by stimulating Kiss1 neurons to control GnRH pulsatility. Knockout mice for Tac1 (NKA/SP) and Tac2 (NKB) genes are fertile, suggesting compensatory mechanisms among different tachykinin systems. Further research confirmed the fundamental role of tachykinins in puberty onset, LH pulsatility, and facilitation of the preovulatory LH surge.
NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Chao Xu, Zhao He, Yongfeng Song, Shanshan Shao, Guang Yang, Jiajun Zhao
Summary: It has been traditionally believed that pituitary hormones act on their cognate receptors in classical target glands to carry out their various functions. However, recent studies have revealed that multiple types of pituitary hormone receptors are widely expressed in non-classical target organs. This article summarizes the additional biological functions of pituitary hormones (thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and prolactin) when they act on non-classical organs, defining them as part of an atypical pituitary hormone-target tissue axis. This novel concept provides insight into the mechanisms behind metabolic diseases and offers potential novel therapeutic targets.
FRONTIERS OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Anissa Lambertino, Victoria Persky, Sally Freels, Henry Anderson, Terry Unterman, Saria Awadalla, Mary Turyk
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the associations of POPs with hormone levels in postmenopausal women, finding that exposure to dioxin-like POPs was negatively associated with LH, but not with FSH. These negative associations were influenced by potential effect modifiers such as obesity and inflammation.
Article
Reproductive Biology
Hirofumi Ohga, Michiya Matsuyama
Summary: The chub mackerel LPXRFamide gene produces three mature peptides and does not have the ability to suppress gonadotropin secretion but may promote gonadotropin secretion.
BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lindsay E. Calderon, Carrie A. Black, Joseph D. Rollins, Brittany Overbay, Semekidus Shiferawe, Andrew Elliott, Sara Reitz, Shu Liu, Junling Li, Chin K. Ng, Margaret W. Ndinguri
Summary: Current radionuclides Re-186/188 and Tc-99m are widely used for cancer detection and diagnosis. New advancements in modalities and targeting strategies of radiopharmaceuticals aim to enhance imagery and detection of smaller cancer cell colonies while reducing false-positive diagnoses. Designs like Re-Acdien-LHRH and Re-Acdien-peg-LHRH show enhanced cellular uptake and potential for selective targeting of breast cancers expressing the LHRH receptor.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amanda de Moraes Narcizo, Tiago Gabriel Correia, Adalto Bianchini, Mario Gustavo Mayer, Ricardo Andrade Zampieri, Lucile Maria Floeter-Winter, Renata Guimaraes Moreira
Summary: This study revealed that aluminum and acidic pH can influence the bioconcentration of aluminum in Oreochromis niloticus females, with aluminum potentially acting as an endocrine disruptor directly affecting ovarian steroidogenesis.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alessandro Conforti, Sandro C. Esteves, Peter Humaidan, Salvatore Longobardi, Thomas D'Hooghe, Raoul Orvieto, Alberto Vaiarelli, Danilo Cimadomo, Laura Rienzi, Filippo Maria Ubaldi, Fulvio Zullo, Carlo Alviggi
Summary: Studies suggest that LH can improve IVF outcomes in older women by optimizing androgen production. A meta-analysis found that r-hFSH/r-hLH co-treatment was more effective in improving clinical pregnancy and implantation rates in women aged 35-40, despite retrieving fewer oocytes compared to r-hFSH monotherapy. More research is needed to confirm these findings.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Anat Hershko Klement, Raoul Orvieto, Efrat Esh Broder, Judith Frei, Amy Solnica, Orit Zandman, Hananel Holzer, Jigal Haas
Summary: This study found that LH concentrations post-GnRHa trigger differ based on the antagonist-agonist intervals, but the achieved follicle/mature oocyte ratio was not affected.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Victor E. Gomez-Leon, Adam D. Beard, O. J. Ginther, Milo C. Wiltbank
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of low-dose hCG on multiple ovulations in lactating dairy cows. The results showed that increased hCG led to larger follicle sizes and higher FSH concentrations, resulting in an increased frequency of double ovulation.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ellen G. Wall, Reena Desai, Zin Khant Aung, Shel Hwa Yeo, David R. Grattan, David J. Handelsman, Allan E. Herbison
Summary: Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, the study provides a detailed profile of gonadal steroid levels across the estrous cycle of C57BL/6J mice. The results show that the levels of estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin vary at different stages of the estrous cycle, indicating species differences between mice and other ovulating species. These findings have important implications for understanding reproductive physiology in mice.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mauro S. B. Silva, Laurine Decoster, Gaspard Delpouve, Tori Lhomme, Gaetan Ternier, Vincent Prevot, Paolo Giacobini
Summary: The study manipulated GnRH neurons in adult female mice to investigate the impact of chronic overactivation on PCOS-like hormonal and reproductive impairments. The results showed that hyperactivity of hypothalamic GnRH neurons is a major driver of reproductive and hormonal impairments in PCOS, and antagonizing the aberrant GnRH signaling could be an efficient therapeutic venue for the treatment of PCOS.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Suzanne M. Moenter, Marina A. Silveira, Luhong Wang, Caroline Adams
JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biology
Luhong Wang, Charlotte Vanacker, Laura L. Burger, Tammy Barnes, Yatrik M. Shah, Martin G. Myers, Suzanne M. Moenter
Article
Neurosciences
R. Anthony DeFazio, Marco A. Navarro, Caroline E. Adams, Lorin S. Milescu, Suzanne M. Moenter
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2019)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Eden A. Dulka, Laura L. Burger, Suzanne M. Moenter
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jonathon Penix, R. Anthony DeFazio, Eden A. Dulka, Santiago Schnell, Suzanne M. Moenter
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chayarndorn Phumsatitpong, Rose M. De Guzman, Damian G. Zuloaga, Suzanne M. Moenter
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Laura L. Burger, Elizabeth R. Wagenmaker, Chayarndorn Phumsatitpong, David P. Olson, Suzanne M. Moenter
Article
Biology
Charlotte Vanacker, R. Anthony Defazio, Charlene M. Sykes, Suzanne M. Moenter
Summary: The study suggests that astrocytes can activate the release of GnRH/LH independent of KNDy neurons by modulating neuronal activity, thus playing a role in regulating fertility.
Article
Neurosciences
J. Rudolph Starrett, R. Anthony DeFazio, Suzanne M. Moenter
Summary: In female mice, AVPV kisspeptin neurons exhibit higher levels of activity and voltage-gated currents during proestrus compared to diestrus, suggesting a role in maintaining neuronal excitability.
Article
Neurosciences
Amanda G. Gibson, Jennifer Jaime, Laura L. Burger, Suzanne M. Moenter
Summary: Disruptions in neuroendocrine control of reproduction are observed in individuals with PCOS, with prenatal androgenization potentially altering GnRH neuronal activity. However, studies suggest that PNA does not directly affect the firing rate of KNDy neurons.
Article
Neurosciences
R. Anthony DeFazio, Suzanne M. Moenter
Summary: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays a crucial role in regulating gonadal functions, while gonadal steroid feedback influences GnRH release patterns. Removal of gonads under negative feedback conditions alters the firing pattern of GnRH neurons, with differences observed between sexes. Surprisingly, no significant changes were found in the biophysical properties of GnRH neurons under homeostatic negative feedback, suggesting that the regulation of GnRH neurons by steroid-negative feedback may not induce major changes in cell properties.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Christopher R. McCartney, Rebecca E. Campbell, John C. Marshall, Suzanne M. Moenter
Summary: In this article, we summarize the causes of aberrant GnRH secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the role of disordered GnRH secretion in PCOS pathophysiology.
JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Stephanie Constantin, Suzanne M. Moenter, Richard Piet
Summary: This passage discusses the recordings of identified GnRH neurons over the past two decades, focusing on their intrinsic electrophysiological properties, response to different inputs, Ca2+ imaging correlates, and signaling pathways. It also considers the effects of steroid feedback and development on these properties, as well as the functions of GnRH neuron subcompartments and local networks revealed through chemo- and optogenetic approaches.
JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alexandra L. Cara, Laura L. Burger, Bethany G. Beekly, Susan J. Allen, Emily L. Henson, Richard J. Auchus, Martin G. Myers, Suzanne M. Moenter, Carol F. Elias
Summary: Androgens are steroid hormones important for sexual differentiation and reproductive function. Excess androgens, however, can lead to polycystic ovary syndrome, causing fertility problems. They can also disrupt energy homeostasis and metabolic function. In this study, the researchers found that a certain population of leptin receptor neurons, which are critical for energy regulation and reproductive function, are directly affected by androgens. The study suggests that the effects of hyperandrogenism on sexual maturation and reproductive function in females are controlled by distinct neural circuits.
