Aggregational behaviour of promethazine hydrochloride and TX-45 surfactant mixtures: A multi-techniques approach

Herein, a multi-techniques approach of aggregation of promethazine hydrochloride (PMT, phenothiazine drug) and TX-45 surfactant (nonionic) mixtures have been explored thoroughly. Distinct media (H2O/0.05 mol kg(-1) NaCl/0.50 mol kg(-1) urea (U) /0.50 mol kg(-1) thiourea (TU)) were used for tensiometric measurement of pure and mixed system (PMT + TX-45). A UV-visible and FT-IR studies were employed to explore the interaction between drug and TX-45 in an aqueous system. The achieved results of critical micelles concentration (cmc) of PMT + TX-45 from tensiometric measurement was found large deviation their corresponding ideal value (cmc(id)) which revealed the nonideal behaviour of mixed system (PMT + TX-45). In NaCl media, the cmc value was attained lesser than aqueous solution, confirming that a strong interaction amongst PMT and TX-45 in NaCl whereas in the existence of U/TU, interaction between components decreased as compared with aqueous system that's why cmc value increased. Composition of the component in mixed micelles and mixed interface was attained more for TX-45 than PMT in all solvents. Mixed micelles along with interface interaction parameters showed the attractive/ synergism among both employed components. Activity coefficient (solution and interface) for PMT and TX-45 was attained less than one depicting the non-ideal as well as attractive interaction amongst components. Several assessed thermodynamic parameters showed that mixed micellization, as well as mixed interface formed by PMT + TX-45 mixture, is feasible as well as spontaneous, and feasibility increased in NaCl media, decreases in U/TU solvent as compared with aqueous media. UV-visible study showed fine interaction of PMT with added TX-45. FT-IR investigation showed that the shifting in wavelength frequency of singular component in presence of other component elucidate the interaction among them. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

This study explores the aggregation behavior of promethazine hydrochloride and TX-45 surfactant mixtures, revealing different interactions and properties in various media, with the mixed system exhibiting nonideal behavior. Strong interactions between PMT and TX-45 were observed in NaCl media, while interactions weakened in the presence of urea/thiourea, leading to an increase in critical micelles concentration. Overall, the study suggests that mixed micellization and interface formation by PMT + TX-45 mixture is feasible and spontaneous, with different levels of feasibility in different solvents. UV-visible and FT-IR studies confirmed fine interactions between the components.