Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Ilka Beil, Juergen Kreyling, Claudia Meyer, Nele Lemcke, Andrey Malyshev
Summary: The spring phenology of temperate forest trees has been advancing due to climate warming, but a study found that warming in autumn may delay spring phenology despite continuous temperature rise, indicating that the shortening of winter, rather than warmer winters, is a major reason for the decline in spring phenology.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Johan B. Visser, Conrad Wasko, Ashish Sharma, Rory Nathan
Summary: It is observed that higher temperatures due to climate change lead to intensified extreme precipitation events and greater flooding. However, the relationship between temperature and the temporal pattern of precipitation is not well understood. This study explores the link between temperature and event loading, finding that precipitation events have become increasingly front loaded with increasing temperature.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Blesson M. Varghese, Alana Hansen, Nick Mann, Jingwen Liu, Ying Zhang, Tim R. Driscoll, Geoffrey G. Morgan, Keith Dear, Anthony Capon, Michelle Gourley, Vanessa Prescott, Vergil Dolar, Peng Bi
Summary: This study assessed the impact of high temperatures on workplace health and safety in Australia and found that 2.3% of occupational injury burden is attributable to high ambient temperatures. To prevent an increase in this burden due to global warming, adaptive measures and industry-based policies are necessary to safeguard workplace health and safety.
MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Chanenath Sriaporn, Kathleen A. Campbell, Martin J. Van Kranendonk, Kim M. Handley
Summary: This study analyzed the genomes of Acidithiobacillus strains from hot springs in the Taupo Volcanic Zone of New Zealand, revealing four distinct species, including three novel ones. The findings suggest that these Acidithiobacillus have undergone genome streamlining to adapt to high temperatures in geothermal environments.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chengsheng Chen, Shengfei Qin, Yunpeng Wang, Greg Holland, Peter Wynn, Wanxu Zhong, Zheng Zhou
Summary: The emissions of methane induced by Large Igneous Provinces such as the Emeishan Large Igneous Province have been found to contribute to global warming and the end-Permian mass extinction. Similar emissions from the Siberian Traps Large Igneous Province may also have played a significant role in the end-Permian mass extinction.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xinyang Fan, Tim J. Peterson, Benjamin J. Henley, Meenakshi Arora
Summary: This paper proposes methods to quantify the sensitivity of groundwater level and recharge to temporal climate variability across Australia. It found that the sensitivity of head and recharge to precipitation change is nationally correlated, suggesting large-scale effects. These findings provide valuable insights for sustainable groundwater management.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Limnology
Yvonne Sawall, Maysa Ito, Christian Pansch
Summary: This study found that warm winter-to-spring conditions can severely impact the survival of seagrass. Results showed that under high temperature conditions, plants are more prone to early flowering and high mortality. However, surviving plants showed resistance to summer heatwave events.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Huimin Ren, Jingpei Bao, Zhenxian Gao, Daye Sun, Shuzhi Zheng, Jiaoteng Bai
Summary: High-temperature stress worldwide reduces crop yields. Understanding the thermotolerance of crop varieties would be crucial for agriculture in the face of climate change. Rice has developed protective strategies to cope with high temperature, and different rice varieties exhibit varying levels of thermotolerance.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Aaron B. Beasley, David B. Preen, Samuel McLenachan, Elin S. Gray, Fred K. Chen
Summary: This study estimated the incidence and mortality of conjunctival melanoma in Australia from 1982 to 2014. The incidence rates increased over the study period, while disease survival remained unchanged at a mean of 90%.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Zongyuan Sun, Fangqi Zhao, Michael J. Melchin, Junxuan Fan, Bolin Zhang, Xin Jin, Zihu Zhang, Shengchao Yang, Qing Chen, Yiying Deng, Linna Zhang
Summary: This study reveals the evolution of bottom water redox conditions from the late Ordovician to the middle Silurian in the Changning region of China, and its impact on graptolite diversity.
PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
R. J. Fensham, B. Laffineur
Summary: The decline in aquifer water tables and the impacts on spring ecosystems caused by groundwater extraction are worldwide management issues. This study in Australia's Great Artesian Basin shows how uncapped bores have reduced aquifer pressure and dried up many natural springs since the late nineteenth century. Although the restoration of aquifer pressure through bore capping and the replacement of open drains with pipes has resulted in the expansion of spring wetlands and enhanced habitat for endemic species, it has also made the removal of exotic fish gambusia more difficult and increased the likelihood of its dispersal into unaffected springs.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gavin Piccione, Terrence Blackburn, Slawek Tulaczyk, E. Troy Rasbury, Mathis P. Hain, Daniel E. Ibarra, Katharina Methner, Chloe Tinglof, Brandon Cheney, Paul Northrup, Kathy Licht
Summary: Ice cores and offshore sedimentary records show increased ice loss along the coastal margins of Antarctica during warm periods in the last glacial termination. The study finds evidence for Antarctic ice sheet instability driven by millennial cycles in Southern Ocean temperature, providing clues for the mechanisms that link climate change and rapid Antarctic ice loss events.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Randal D. Koster, Qing Liu, Wade T. Crow, Rolf H. Reichle
Summary: This study demonstrates that satellite-based surface soil moisture estimates are strongly correlated with subsequent springtime streamflow. The data has the potential to accurately predict seasonal streamflow several months in advance. In poorly instrumented regions, these estimates may outperform reanalysis soil moisture products.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Josephine Gantois
Summary: Temperature is a key factor affecting tree growth, and the study finds that tree radial growth responds non-linearly to temperature. Increases in temperature beyond a certain range will suppress tree growth. The impact of temperature on tree growth varies across different ecological regions and seasons. Additionally, trees have limited ability to adapt to high temperatures within their lifetime, but long-term exposure to high temperatures can lead to adaptation. These findings are important for predicting forest carbon uptake and composition under global change.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Tim Ryan Maloney, India Ella Dilkes-Hall, Pindi Setiawan, Adhi Agus Oktaviana, I. Made Geria, Muslimin Effendy, Marlon Ririmasse, Febryanto, Etha Sriputri, Andika Priyatno, Falentinus Triwijaya Atmoko, Ian Moffat, Adam Brumm, Maxime Aubert
Summary: Recent archaeological excavations in Indonesian Borneo have uncovered a cultural sequence dating back to 16,700 years ago until the late Holocene. This finding is significant in understanding the environmental, social, and economic changes that occurred in Southeast Asia. The excavations bridge the gap between archaeological evidence and rock art records, shedding light on early human cultural behavior in the region.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Roseanna C. McKay, Julie M. Arblaster, Pandora Hope, Eun-Pa Lim
Summary: The study found that extreme heat events in Australia are associated with anomalous atmospheric circulation, with the tropical Indian Ocean potentially playing a key role. However, current forecast models tend to overemphasize the relationship with the tropical Pacific Ocean when predicting spring extreme heat, potentially underestimating the magnitude of future events.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Eun-Pa Lim, Harry H. Hendon, Amy H. Butler, David W. J. Thompson, Zachary D. Lawrence, Adam A. Scaife, Theodore G. Shepherd, Inna Polichtchouk, Hisashi Nakamura, Chiaki Kobayashi, Ruth Comer, Lawrence Coy, Andrew Dowdy, Rene D. Garreaud, Paul A. Newman, Guomin Wang
Summary: This study provides an overview of a rare Southern Hemisphere stratospheric warming event in 2019, which led to a significant weakening of the polar vortex and dramatic temperature rise in the Antarctic stratosphere. The impacts of this event resulted in a record-breaking Antarctic warming compared to the previous one in 2002, with the vortex winds and temperatures moving downward to the surface and affecting the southern annular mode. Advanced seasonal forecast systems accurately predicted the vortex weakening and the development of negative SAM as early as late July.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Eun-Pa Lim, Harry H. Hendon, Li Shi, Catherine de Burgh-Day, Debra Hudson, Andrew King, Blair Trewin, Morwenna Griffiths, Andrew Marshall
Summary: The study explores the relationship between extreme low minimum temperatures in northern and eastern Australia in September 2019 and the positive Indian Ocean Dipole and central Pacific El Nino events. While historically there is a strong connection between these events and reduced minimum temperatures, the study found that forecasting such anomalies remains challenging due to uncertainties and model weaknesses, leading to inaccuracies in predicting anomalous weather events.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Guomin Wang, Pandora Hope, Eun-Pa Lim, Harry H. Hendon, Julie M. Arblaster
Summary: This study presents a method to attribute extreme weather and climate events to increased atmospheric CO2 levels using a global climate prediction system, providing quantitative estimates of the contribution to individual extreme events. The initialized nature of the system allows for better understanding and comparison of events with and without enhanced CO2, potentially providing attribution statements for forecast events within an outlook period.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Z. E. Gillett, H. H. Hendon, J. M. Arblaster, E-P Lim
Summary: The study assesses the interannual variability of the Southern Hemisphere subtropical jet (STJ) using atmospheric reanalyses from 1979 to 2018. It finds that variations in STJ intensity and position are tied to different mechanisms, with intensification linked to divergent outflow from diabatic heating over the equatorial Pacific and equatorward shifts associated with eddy-driven processes projecting onto the southern annular mode. El Nino Modoki is also shown to influence the poleward displacement of the STJ during austral winter.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eun-Pa Lim, Debra Hudson, Matthew C. Wheeler, Andrew G. Marshall, Andrew King, Hongyan Zhu, Harry H. Hendon, Catherine de Burgh-Day, Blair Trewin, Morwenna Griffiths, Avijeet Ramchurn, Griffith Young
Summary: The austral spring climate of 2020 was affected by the La Nina event, resulting in deviations in rainfall prediction and factors contributing to drier-than-anticipated conditions in spring include the Madden-Julian Oscillation activity in the equatorial Indian Ocean.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hanh Nguyen, Matthew C. Wheeler, Harry H. Hendon, Eun-Pa Lim, Jason A. Otkin
Summary: During 2017-2019, Australia experienced severe drought with varied development and intensity, the impact of large-scale climate drivers on drought was limited, successful prediction of drought requires more local and current information.
WEATHER AND CLIMATE EXTREMES
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Giovanni Liguori, Shayne McGregor, Martin Singh, Julie Arblaster, Emanuele Di Lorenzo
Summary: Tropical modes of variability, such as El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), have a strong influence on the interannual variability of Australian precipitation. However, the commonly used indices of ENSO and IOD display significant co-variability, making it difficult to quantify the independent contribution of each mode to precipitation anomalies. In this study, through modeling experiments, it is found that the ENSO-only-driven precipitation patterns significantly underestimate the impact of ENSO on Australian precipitation when the influence of IOD is statistically removed. A conceptual model is proposed to effectively separate the contribution of each mode to Australian precipitation variability.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yangyang Xu, Lei Lin, Chenrui Diao, Zhili Wang, Susan Bates, Julie Arblaster
Summary: The response of precipitation extremes (PEs) to global warming is found to be nonlinear. There are concerns regarding the accuracy of approximating the PE response to a single forcing using simulations that exclude one specific forcing. Previous studies suggesting a larger sensitivity of PE to aerosol forcing compared to greenhouse gases are questioned. This study reevaluates the PE sensitivity to greenhouse gases and aerosols using CESM1 ensemble simulations and confirms that PE sensitivity to aerosols is stronger than that due to greenhouse gases within similar warming regimes, but the difference is smaller than previously estimated. The study also suggests that the additivity assumption is largely valid for isolating the PE response due to aerosol forcing from the simulations when the warming regime is small.
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Z. E. Gillett, H. H. Hendon, J. M. Arblaster, H. Lin, D. Fuchs
Summary: Stationary Rossby waves forced by the Indian Ocean dipole play a significant role in Southern Hemisphere weather and climate. The dynamics of these teleconnections are not fully understood, but recent studies suggest that these waves can overcome the negative beta* barrier and propagate into the extratropics of the Southern Hemisphere.
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
P. F. Freisen, J. M. Arblaster, C. Jakob, J. M. Rodriguez
Summary: Observations and climate models have shown the widening of the tropical Hadley cell circulation since the late 1970s. However, discrepancies in expansion rates between observations and models exist, and the driving influence of tropical or extratropical processes on these changes is still not well understood. This study finds that correcting extratropical biases improves the simulation of the Southern Hemisphere tropical edge more consistently than correcting tropical biases.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Andrew G. Marshall, Guomin Wang, Harry H. Hendon, Hai Lin
Summary: The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) has a significant impact on Australian springtime temperatures and extremes. It induces strong warming in southern Australia when its active convection propagates over the Indian Ocean and Maritime Continent. The heat signal is strongest in southeast Australia during specific MJO phases, in the vicinity of a deep anticyclonic anomaly. These temperature fluctuations are part of a Rossby wave train that originates from the Indian Ocean and disperses across the Southern Hemisphere towards South America.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Z. E. Gillett, H. H. Hendon, J. M. Arblaster, H. Lin
Summary: The response of the Southern Hemisphere extratropical atmospheric circulation to anomalous convection in the tropical western and eastern Pacific Ocean is different. The response to westward-located heating has a meridio-nal dipole in the South Pacific, while the response to eastward-located heating disperses poleward and eastward. This study investigates the cause of this asymmetry and shows that the subtropical jet and transient eddy feedback play important roles in establishing the response.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ghyslaine Boschat, Ariaan Purich, Irina Rudeva, Julie Arblaster
Summary: The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) describes the annular or zonal component of large-scale atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) extratropics and affects surface climate across the SH. In addition to the dominant annular flow in austral summer, zonal wave 3 (ZW3) patterns with zonal asymmetries are evident in other seasons. This study explores the influence of both SAM and ZW3 on surface climate, finding that ZW3 modulates the impact of SAM and plays a significant role in the surface climate impacts of large-scale SH circulation states, particularly in nonsummer seasons.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
