Journal
ISA TRANSACTIONS
Volume 117, Issue -, Pages 160-171Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2021.01.054
Keywords
TRNG; Jitter; AES s-box; Post-processing; Ring oscillators
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The study presents a novel post-processing technique based on substitution s-box transformations, which successfully eliminates the statistical weakness problem of TRNGs. Real-time verification on FPGA environment confirms the method's usability for cryptographic purposes. The post-processing offers better tradeoff compared to known methods in the literature.
The statistical weakness problem occurring as a result of physical randomness is an important shortcoming of TRNGs. Post-processing techniques are generally used in the literature to overcome this shortcoming. In this study, the hardware implementation of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) substitution box (s-box)-based novel post-processing technique is presented. The low-cost novel method is based on the substitution s-box transformations and can successfully remove the statistical weakness problem of TRNGs. The real-time verification of the proposed post-processing is done by applying ring oscillator (RO) based TRNG architecture in four different scenarios on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) environment. Successful statistical results obtained from bias, correlation, entropy and NIST 800-22 tests confirm the usability of the proposed method for cryptographic purposes. The low area-energy requirement, practicality and compressionless properties of the post-processing provide better tradeoff for TRNG compared to known methods in the literature. For this reason, TRNG's performance is high. Furthermore, the presented study is important in demonstrating that s-boxes with good mathematical encryption properties can also be used for different cryptographic purposes. (C) 2021 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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