Article
Plant Sciences
Xiaoxue Fang, Xiaoying Zhang, Yegang Zhang, Xun Zhang, Mengyao Shan, Shuguang Guan, Zhidong Qiu, Difu Zhu, Haoming Luo
Summary: This study investigated the potential protective mechanism of Panax ginseng glycoproteins (PGG) against neurodegenerative diseases via the Notch signaling pathway using proteomic methods. The results showed that PGG significantly improved learning and memory abilities in mice, and inhibited excessive activation of the Notch signaling pathway in microglia to prevent neuroapoptosis.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Paul H. Goodwin, Madison A. Best
Summary: Ginsenosides have been widely studied for their medicinal benefits and their role in ginseng plant biology. They play a crucial role in ginseng's defense against biotic stresses, providing antimicrobial, antifeedant, and allelopathic activities. Ginsenosides also have roles in ginseng development and abiotic stress tolerance.
Article
Agronomy
Ju-Young Jung, Cheol Woo Min, So Wun Kim, Ravi Gupta, Woojong Jang, Kyong-Hwan Bang, Yu-Jin Kim, Ick-Hyun Jo, Sun Tae Kim
Summary: Ginseng, which is often exposed to environmental stresses such as heat, salt, and drought, has been found to have potential salt-responsive proteins through fluid proteomic analysis. These proteins are associated with photosynthesis, protein synthesis, cell binding, and various metabolisms.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Prasad Kesanakurti, Subramanyam Ragupathy, Adam C. Faller, Dhivya Shanmughanandhan, Francesco Buongiorno, Isabella Della Noce, Zhengfei Lu, Yanjun Zhang, Steven G. Newmaster
Summary: Authentication of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius herbal dietary supplements is crucial in mitigating adulteration and substitution issues in the international ginseng supply chain. Species-specific hydrolysis probe qPCR assays have been developed and validated, demonstrating high specificity and reliability for the identification of target species in raw materials.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Peng Di, Ping Wang, Min Yan, Peng Han, Xinyi Huang, Le Yin, Yan Yan, Yonghua Xu, Yingping Wang
Summary: This study identified and analyzed 137 PgWRKY genes in ginseng, revealing their phylogenetic relationships and promoter characteristics. It was found that some PgWRKY genes showed significant expression differences in response to heat, cold, salt, and drought stresses, and some were coexpressed with genes involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis pathway.
Article
Plant Sciences
Paul H. Goodwin
Summary: The endosphere of ginseng contains a variety of fungal, bacterial, archaeal and viral endophytes. Bacterial endophytes are primarily members of the Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and fungal endophytes are primarily members of the Ascomycota, Zygomycota and Basidiomycota. Little is known about archaea and viruses in ginseng plants. Root tissues have been found to have the highest abundance and diversity of bacterial and fungal endophytes, and their abundance often increases with root age. The metabolization of ginsenosides by endophytes suggests an adaptation of these microbes to the unique secondary metabolites found in ginseng tissues. Research on the benefits provided by endophytes has mainly focused on plant nutrition, growth promotion and disease resistance, with little emphasis on their ability to increase abiotic stress resistance. More studies are needed in the field, including trials with endophyte-treated plants, genomic/metagenomic analysis of endophytes, and investigations into the effects of endophytes on disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lanchun Liu, Jun Hu, Qiyuan Mao, Chao Liu, Haoqiang He, Xiaoshan Hui, Guang Yang, Peirong Qu, Wenjing Lian, Lian Duan, Yan Dong, Juhua Pan, Yongmei Liu, Qingyong He, Jun Li, Jie Wang
Summary: This paper elaborates on the current pharmacological effects of ginseng functional components in treating cardiovascular diseases, summarizes the adverse reactions of ginseng, and provides a list of Chinese patent medicines containing ginseng formula for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xiaoxue Fang, Manqi Wang, Xinteng Zhou, Huan Wang, Huaying Wang, Hongxing Xiao
Summary: This study investigated the effects of growth years on gene expression in cultivated ginseng and wild ginseng through transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that the growth years significantly affected gene expression in cultivated ginseng, especially in the MAPK signaling pathway and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway. Moreover, the growth years had significant effects on genes related to ginsenoside synthesis in cultivated ginseng but had little influence on wild ginseng.
Article
Oncology
Hui Jia, Bin Zhao, Fangfang Zhang, Ramesh Kumar Santhanam, Xinying Wang, Jincai Lu
Summary: Polysaccharides extracted from mountain cultivated ginseng showed significant cytotoxic effects against HepG2 cells, particularly with the fraction MTPS-1. Among the seven acidic polysaccharides isolated, MCGP-3 polysaccharide was found to possess a significant cytotoxic effect with low IC50 value against HepG2 cells.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Muhammad Irfan, Yuan Yee Lee, Ki-Ja Lee, Sung Dae Kim, Man Hee Rhee
Summary: This study investigated the antiplatelet effects of red ginseng extract (RGE) and fermented red ginseng extract (FRG) and found that both extracts can inhibit platelet aggregation and calcium mobilization, indicating their potential for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing platelet-related cardiovascular disorders.
JOURNAL OF GINSENG RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Zhen Wang, Xueheng Xie, Mengchen Wang, Meng Ding, Shengliang Gu, Xiaoyan Xing, Xiaobo Sun
Summary: This study comprehensively evaluated the commonality and diversity of Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng in wound healing through network pharmacology and meta-analysis. A wound healing-related ingredients-targets network was constructed. The results showed that both herbs significantly regulated various functions related to wound healing, such as blood vessel development, cytokine and growth factor responses, oxygen levels, cell death, cell proliferation and differentiation, and cell adhesion. Common signaling pathways and metabolic pathways were identified, as well as differences in pathways, which may explain the discrepancies in the regulation of these functions, consistent with Traditional Chinese Medicine theory.
JOURNAL OF GINSENG RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Paul H. Goodwin
Summary: The rhizosphere of ginseng contains a wide range of microorganisms that can have beneficial or harmful effects on the plant. Cultivation practices that mimic natural conditions of ginseng may disrupt soil microbiome, leading to negative changes in soil physiochemistry and promotion of plant diseases. However, beneficial microbes isolated from the ginseng rhizosphere show potential to improve ginseng production. High-throughput sequencing has greatly expanded our knowledge of the diversity and abundance of rhizosphere organisms and their impacts on cultivation.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Junyun Cheng, Jie Chen, Jie Liao, Tianhao Wang, Xin Shao, Jinbo Long, Penghui Yang, Anyao Li, Zheng Wang, Xiaoyan Lu, Xiaohui Fan
Summary: A new approach called TCM-seq was developed to comprehensively evaluate the therapeutic effects of Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng at the transcriptomic level. The study revealed significant differences in the regulatory effects of ginseng and notoginseng on genes, functional pathways, and molecular networks. This research provides a new paradigm for exploring the mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicines.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jinglin Xia, Ning Liu, Junyou Han, Jingyuan Sun, Tianyi Xu, Shouan Liu
Summary: This study reveals that Colletotrichum panacicola successfully infects Panax ginseng by altering the defense-related gene transcripts and manipulating the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, thus potentially possessing antifungal activities.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Xingbo Bian, Yan Zhao, Shengyuan Xiao, He Yang, Yongzhong Han, Lianxue Zhang
Summary: This study conducted a comparative analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of GRS and HG samples, revealing significant changes at the metabolic and transcriptional levels in diseased samples. The accumulation of various organic acids, alkaloids, alcohols, and phenols in diseased tissues increased significantly, along with differences in the expression of genes involved in plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, the peroxidase pathway, and the plant-pathogen interaction pathway. This study provides new insights into the potential molecular mechanisms of GRS in ginseng.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wei-Han Hui, Yen-Lin Chen, Shu-Wei Chang
Summary: Crosslinking affects the mechanical behavior and tissue metabolism of collagen-based tissues. Aging and diabetes alter the crosslinking type and density, thus changing tissue properties. High-connectivity enzymatic crosslinking and advanced-glycation end-products result in uniform deformation under daily activity, while low-connectivity enzymatic crosslinking does not. High-connectivity model displays more sliding, while AGEs induce instability in structures near the binding sites.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yao-Bin Ma, Xiao-Qiu Zhou, Wei-Dan Jiang, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Shu-Wei Li, Ling Tang, Lu Zhang, Hai-Feng Mi, Lin Feng
Summary: Tea polyphenols (TPs) are an inexpensive feed additive that can protect the gill function of fish against Flavobacterium columnare (F. columnare) through various mechanisms, including suppression of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yan-Jia Guo, Jing-Ru Pang, Yu Zhang, Zhong-Rui Li, Xiao-Lin Zi, Hong-Min Liu, Ning Wang, Li-Juan Zhao, Ya Gao, Bo Wang, Piet Herdewijn, Cheng-Yun Jin, Ying Liu, Yi-Chao Zheng
Summary: This study identifies the conjugation of NEDD8 to LSD1 and its impact on GC cells, revealing the significance of LSD1 neddylation in GC.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Geum-Jae Jeong, Fazlurrahman Khan, Nazia Tabassum, Young-Mog Kim
Summary: Vibrio species are motile gram-negative bacteria commonly found in aquatic environments. They can adapt to environmental fluctuations and develop protective mechanisms against host immune systems. Different types of sigma and anti-sigma factors play important roles in regulating gene expression and virulence in Vibrio species.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zahra Mohammadbagheri, Behrooz Movahedi, Shaghayegh Saeedi, Abbas Rahmati
Summary: In this study, a reusable biobased composite hydrogel was successfully synthesized and used for the removal of Tl(I) from aqueous solutions. The hydrogel exhibited high adsorption capacity and thermal stability, and the adsorption process was found to be thermodynamically spontaneous. The results demonstrated that the hydrogel can be reused multiple times without significant loss of its adsorption capacity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Iqra Batool, Muhammad Imran, Ayesha Anwar, Farhan Ahmed Khan, Afrah E. Mohammed, Ashwag Shami, Hafiz Iqbal
Summary: Enzyme immobilization on ZnO/SnO2 and ZnO/SnO2/SA nanocomposites was studied, and the catalytic and biochemical characteristics of the immobilized enzyme were investigated. The results showed that ZnO/SnO2 and ZnO/SnO2/SA nanostructures are suitable carriers for enzyme immobilization.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elias Mosaffa, Dhruvi Patel, Nasim Amiri Ramsheh, Rishikumar Indravadan Patel, Atanu Banerjee, Hossein Ghafuri
Summary: In this study, a unique 3D bead structure of adsorbent, composed of bacterial cellulose microfilaments reinforced chitosan adorned with melamine 2D plates, was synthesized for anionic dye removal. The adsorbent showed high specific surface area and abundant functional groups, resulting in exceptional adsorption capacity. The characteristics and optimal conditions of the adsorbent were assessed and analyzed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carolina Gismene, Jorge Enrique Hernandez Gonzalez, Marilia de Freitas Calmon, Andrey Fabricio Ziem Nascimento, Angela Rocio Nino Santisteban, Felipe Antunes Calil, Alana Della Torre da Silva, Paula Rahal, Rejane Maira Goes, Raghuvir Krishnaswamy Arni, Ricardo Barros Mariutti
Summary: Mammaliicoccus sciuri, a bacterium of clinical and veterinary relevance, expresses the virulence factor Exfoliative Toxin C (ExhC), which binds specifically to desmoglein-1 (Dsg1) and plays a role in tissue integrity. This study investigates the necrotic activity of ExhC and identifies a variant lacking necrotic potential but retaining enzymatic activity through mutagenesis experiments and crystal structure determination.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bibhas K. Bhunia, Ashutosh Bandyopadhyay, Souradeep Dey, Biman B. Mandal
Summary: Intervertebral disc degeneration is a major cause of chronic low back pain and disability. Researchers have developed a bioactive silk-based hybrid hydrogel system functionalized with decellularized human Wharton's jelly extracellular matrix as bioactive cues. The hydrogels mimic the rheological and mechanical properties of the native nucleus pulposus tissue and support cell viability, proliferation, and tissue maturation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qun Zhang, Yonggan Yan, Zhao Li, Jing Du, Kai Zhang, Liguo Zhang, Ting Wang, Alberto Bianco, Shaohua Ge, Baojin Ma
Summary: A new crosslinking strategy has been devised to construct injectable sodium alginate hydrogels, which can be regulated for injectability and have great potential in biomedical applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Seong Eun Hong, Ji-Soo Lee, Hyeon Gyu Lee
Summary: The potential of multi-layer nanoemulsions for improving the cellular uptake, antioxidant activity, and in vitro bioaccessibility of alpha-tocopherol was examined. The results showed that the multi-layer nanoemulsions significantly enhanced the cellular uptake and antioxidant activity of alpha-tocopherol compared to free coumarin 6. Furthermore, the use of chitosan and dextran sulfate as wall materials in the multi-layer nanoemulsions led to even higher cellular uptake, in vitro bioaccessibility, and antioxidant activity of alpha-tocopherol.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jingjing Yu, Yanhui Zhang, Ruoning Zhang, Yanxiang Gao, Like Mao
Summary: High internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) based on beeswax (BW) oleogels and octenyl succinic acid starch (OSA starch) were prepared by a simple one-step method. The results showed that oleogelation improved the stability and encapsulation capability of the HIPEs, which is significant for the development of novel healthy food.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bi-Feng Yao, Xiu-Ju Luo, Jun Peng
Summary: The balanced and continuous fission and fusion of mitochondria, regulated by OPA1, are important for maintaining mitochondrial dynamics in cardiovascular disorders. Understanding the role of OPA1 in mitochondrial fusion can provide insights into the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gokul Paramasivam, Anandhavelu Sanmugam, Vishnu Vardhan Palem, Murugan Sevanan, Ananda Babu Sairam, Nachiappan Nachiappan, Buhyun Youn, Jung Sub Lee, Muthuchamy Nallal, Kang Hyun Park
Summary: Nanomaterials are being used to deliver therapeutic agents in living systems. Different nanotechnological applications such as immunosensors, immune assays, and drug delivery are being implemented using nanotechnology. Genomics plays a crucial role in selecting appropriate drugs for personalized cancer therapy. It helps in analyzing gene and protein expression, disease classification, and designing disease models. Delivering drugs to specific areas using nanoparticles is a challenging issue.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jing Li, Wei Wang, Han Wu, Feng Peng, Hui Gao, Ying Guan
Summary: In this study, CMH-based CPF films were prepared and their thermal and barrier properties were successfully regulated. The tensile strength and water vapor barrier property of CPF films were significantly improved, making them promising for food packaging applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)