Journal
INTERNAL MEDICINE
Volume 60, Issue 19, Pages 3167-3170Publisher
JAPAN SOC INTERNAL MEDICINE
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8123-21
Keywords
COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; IL-6; CSF; CNS dysfunction
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We report a case of severe inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, presenting with visual field impairment and white matter damage, which improved after treatment. The patient showed elevated IL-6 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid, indicating focal central nervous system inflammation.
We herein report a 49-year-old man with a fever, diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. After two weeks of hospitalization, he suddenly mentioned visual field impairment. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed white matter damage and vasogenic edema. Cerebrospinal fluid showed increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6. His symptoms and white matter lesion deteriorated. After treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone therapy and plasmapheresis, his symptoms and white matter lesion improved gradually. We suspect that our patient was affected by a secondary hyperinflammatory syndrome related to cytokines, alone or in combination with direct viral injury through endothelial cell damage. The IL-6 levels were elevated only in the cerebrospinal fluid, suggesting focal central nervous system inflammation.
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