Article
Polymer Science
Robinson Rozas, Nicolas Aspee, Camila Negrete-Vergara, Diego Venegas-Yazigi, Marlen Gutierrez-Cutino, Sergio A. Moya, Cesar Zuniga, Plinio Cantero-Lopez, Jorge Luengo, Raul Gonzalez, Julio Romero, Mauricio Yanez-S
Summary: The present study aimed to investigate the impact of a solvent/water mixture on the structural characteristics of extracted lignin from Eucalyptus nitens, and to establish a connection between the functional groups and interunit linkages in lignin and the distribution of phenolic compounds obtained after alkaline oxidation.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Katerina Hruzova, Leonidas Matsakas, Ulrika Rova, Paul Christakopoulos
Summary: The study evaluated the effect of hot water extraction followed by organosolv pretreatment on the enzymatic hydrolysability of spruce bark biomass. The cellulose content of pretreated biomass reached 49.6% w/w, with final hydrolysis yield up to 70.1% and release of 7.8 g/L of glucose. These results represent a significant improvement over existing steam pretreatment methods.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Mohsen Parchami, Swarnima Agnihotri, Mohammad J. Taherzadeh
Summary: This study aimed to separate the fractions of Brewers spent grain (BSG) by ethanol organosolv pretreatment. The effects of temperature, retention time, and ethanol concentration on the quantity and quality of fractions were studied. Significant hemicellulose removal and lignin recovery were achieved at 180 degrees C.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Eduardo Robles, Rene Herrera, Pedro L. De Hoyos Martinez, Javier Fernandez Rodriguez, Jalel Labidi
Summary: This study proposed a cascading approach to fractionate thermally treated wood and untreated wood after life service, achieving high yields and purity. Analysis revealed no significant difference in extracted celluloses, but significant changes in the yield and quality of hemicelluloses and lignins, with lignin extraction showing the highest purity.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shuang Yang, Xianpeng Yang, Xianzhi Meng, Lei Wang
Summary: This study reports the use of dimethyl isosorbide (DMI) as a solvent for fractionating lignocellulosic biomass into its main components. The pretreatment of Eucalyptus using DMI/H2O co-solvents achieves high lignin removal efficiency and good cellulose retention. The addition of water suppresses lignin condensation and produces lignin with high purity. Efficient fibrillation of obtained pulp leads to energy-saving potential.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Antoine Duval, Geraldine Layrac, Andre van Zomeren, Arjan T. Smit, Eric Pollet, Luc Averous
Summary: In this study, two organosolv lignins were extracted and chemically modified with ethylene carbonate (EC) to create building blocks for polymer synthesis. The lignins were fractionated using a sequence of solvents based on their solubility parameters, and then reacted with EC to convert phenolic OH groups to primary aliphatic OH groups. The reactivity of the lignins decreased with increasing molar mass, leading to reduced solubility of high molar mass fragments in EC. Efforts to minimize undesirable crosslinking side reactions were successful through careful control of reaction conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Suthawan Muangmeesri, Ning Li, Dimitrios Georgouvelas, Pierre Ouagne, Vincent Placet, Aji P. Mathew, Joseph S. M. Samec
Summary: The study showed a method to convert hemp hurd into high-content monophenolic compounds through RCF technology, resulting in dissolving-grade pulp and nanocellulose suitable for textile fiber production. This method may increase textile fiber production and obtain bio-oil for green chemicals.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Wendy Mateo, Hanwu Lei, Elmar Villota, Moriko Qian, Yunfeng Zhao, Erguang Huo, Qingfa Zhang, Xiaona Lin, Chenxi Wang
Summary: The biomass-based sulfonated carbon catalyst (SCC) was prepared from corncob via direct sulfuric acid carbonization-sulfonation treatment, with an optimal condition of 100 degrees C and 5.78 h for maximizing yield and SO3H density. In ethanol organosolv lignin, the highest EOL yield of 63.56% was achieved with 20% SCC loading.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jinyan Yun, Liao Wei, Wei Li, Duqiang Gong, Hongyu Qin, Xiujing Feng, Guojiang Li, Zhe Ling, Peng Wang, Baishuang Yin
Summary: In this study, lignin fractions with lower molecular weight and higher phenolic hydroxyl content were obtained through organosolv fractionation, showing excellent antioxidation and antimicrobial activities. The lignin fractions inhibited the growth of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria by destroying the cell wall, with the fraction with the lowest molecular weight and highest phenolic hydroxyl content demonstrating the best performance. Additionally, the lignin fraction was able to ameliorate Escherichia coli-induced diarrhea damages in mice.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Johannes Adamcyk, Stefan Beisl, Samaneh Amini, Thomas Jung, Florian Zikeli, Jalel Labidi, Anton Friedl
Summary: Despite major efforts in recent years, lignin as an abundant biopolymer is still underutilized in material applications. Production of lignin nanoparticles with improved properties through a high specific surface area enables easier applicability and higher value applications. This work provides detailed insight into the precipitation process of lignin nanoparticles, enabling better understanding and optimization with respect to different raw materials and pretreatment severities.
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Sivasamy Sethupathy, Garbriel Murillo Morales, Lu Gao, Hongliang Wang, Bin Yang, Jianxiong Jiang, Jianzhong Sun, Daochen Zhu
Summary: As an abundant aromatic biopolymer, lignin holds great potential for producing various chemicals and biofuels through biorefinery activities, contributing to a sustainable circular economy. However, lignin valorization faces challenges such as its heterogeneous nature, intrinsic recalcitrance, strong smell, dark color, difficulties in lignocellulosic fractionation, and high bond dissociation enthalpies in its functional groups. Despite these constraints, recent research and development have shown promising applications of lignin-based hydrogels, surfactants, 3D printing materials, electrodes, and fine chemicals production. This review summarizes the main limitations and possible solutions for industrial lignin valorization, and provides future perspectives based on its abundance and potential applications reported in scientific literature.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
June-Ho Choi, Jong-Hwa Kim, Sang Youn Lee, Soo-Kyeong Jang, Hyo Won Kwak, Hoyong Kim, In-Gyu Choi
Summary: This study improved the dispersibility and interfacial compatibility of ethanol organosolv lignin (EOL) in PLA-based ligno-bioplastic by enhancing thermoplasticity via oxypropylation. The thermal properties of oxypropylated EOL were influenced by the initial EOL's structural characteristics and the degree of polymerization of propylene oxide. The increased thermoplasticity of EOLs with suitable structural characteristics successfully improved the dispersibility and interfacial compatibility within the ligno-bioplastic.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yongjian Zhang, Thomas L. Eberhardt, Bo Cai, Mingqi Wu, Xiangxin Xu, Junfeng Feng, Hui Pan
Summary: A pilot scale microwave fractionation system (PMFS) was developed for the organosolv fractionation of bamboo sawdust. The PMFS achieved higher lignin and hemicellulose removal rates without serious cellulose degradation. The recovered lignin had a relatively narrow molecular weight distribution and the process showed good utilization efficiency of the bamboo feedstock.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Nagore Izaguirre, Eduardo Robles, Rodrigo Llano-Ponte, Jalel Labidi, Xabier Erdocia
Summary: This study obtained different lignins using two extraction methods from the same raw material, with the goal of fractionating them to obtain lignin fractions with specific structures and properties. The environmental friendly solvent sequence was designed based on health and safety assessments, and various analytical techniques were used to characterize the obtained fractions. The study showed an effective method for obtaining homogeneous lignins with specific properties depending on the solvent and molecular weight, with different lignin fractions having specific target applications.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Julio J. Conde, Sandra Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Xinyi Chen, Thelmo A. Lu-Chau, Gemma Eibes, Antonio Pizzi, Maria Teresa Moreira
Summary: Electrochemical oxidation of lignin is considered as a clean and reliable method to obtain valuable products from lignin. This study explores the possibility of using lignin residues from electrochemical treatments in the biorefinery context. The results show that hydroxylation of lignin by electrochemical oxidation leads to promising modifications for the formulation of bioadhesives. The electrochemically modified lignin successfully prepared NIPU bioadhesives with satisfactory mechanical properties for use in particleboard panels, providing a more environmentally friendly approach for lignin modification in the wood industry.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Carla Ferreira dos Santos Vieira, Francisco Maugeri Filho, Rubens Maciel Filho, Adriano Pinto Mariano
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Ercilia Regina Silva Dantas, Jean-Christophe Bonhivers, Rubens Maciel Filho, Adriano Pinto Mariano
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Carla Ferreira dos Santos Vieira, Mateus Cavichioli Codogno, Francisco Maugeri Filho, Rubens Maciel Filho, Adriano Pinto Mariano
Summary: This study demonstrates that Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 6423 is able to co-ferment first- and second-generation sugars while consuming lactic acid, resulting in high butanol yield.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Suranny Jimenez Chacon, Gabriela Matias, Thaddeus Chukwuemeka Ezeji, Rubens Maciel Filho, Adriano Pinto Mariano
Summary: This study developed a three-staged repeated-batch immobilized cell fermentation to produce butanol from undiluted, non-detoxified sugarcane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysates. Results showed that using bagasse as a carrier was more effective than using a 3D-printed carrier, leading to higher xylose utilization and more butanol derived from SBHH.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Ana Maria Zetty-Arenas, Laura Plazas Tovar, Rafael Ferraz Alves, Adriano Pinto Mariano, Walter van Gulik, Rubens Maciel Filho, Sindelia Freitas
Summary: The co-fermentation of mixed sugars for butanol production is a promising approach, and C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum DSM 14923 shows potential and effective application in this process. The study found that the best-performing fermentation medium had a CHH25/SCM75 ratio, with 97% sugar consumption and no inhibitory effect of undissociated acetic acid at pH 5.5-6.5.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jean-Christophe Bonhivers, Maria Regina Wolf Maciel, Christopher Reddick, Roger Zemp, Adriano Pinto Mariano, Rubens Filho Maciel
Summary: This paper introduces the energy-stage-temperature (E-S-T) method and its associated diagram for linking energy consumption and stage identification, with application results presented for different scenarios. The method provides more accurate results than the widely used Gilliland correlation, helping to improve energy efficiency.
PROCESS INTEGRATION AND OPTIMIZATION FOR SUSTAINABILITY
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Carla Ferreira dos Santos Vieira, Augusto Duzi Sia, Francisco Maugeri Filho, Rubens Maciel Filho, Adriano Pinto Mariano
Summary: The productivity of Isopropanol-Butanol-Ethanol can be increased by immobilizing cells on low-cost, renewable fibrous materials, with in-situ vacuum product recovery technique applied for repeated-batch cultivation. The fermentation process showed improved IBE productivity compared to free- and immobilized-cell cultures, with the product stream containing 45 g/L IBE. However, unsatisfactory results were obtained in two cycles, leading to the introduction of a concept of an internal-loop boiling-driven fibrous-bed bioreactor.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
S. P. Iglesias, M. R. Miyazaki, A. P. Mariano, T. T. Franco
Summary: Techno-economic analysis was conducted on the production of bio-oil from Eucalyptus grandis residues in Sao Paulo, Brazil, showing potential for economically viable centralized biorefineries. The study found that plant capacity has the most significant impact on the minimum selling price (MSP) of bio-oil, with the production able to achieve high net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) indicators.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nadia G. Khouri, Michelli Fontana, Igor L. R. Dias, Maria R. W. Maciel, Rubens Maciel Filho, Adriano P. Mariano
Summary: This study presents the experience of a Chemical Engineering Capstone Design Course at the University of Campinas in Brazil during the first semester of 2020, when educational institutions had to adapt to remote teaching due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the necessary adaptations, students performed well and were mostly satisfied with the course, recommending the continuation of remote teaching or a combination of remote and face-to-face teaching. These changes allowed for the implementation of new teaching dynamics and tools that could potentially enhance the quality of the course in the future.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Thaddeus Chukwuemeka Ezeji, Hasan Atiyeh, Adriano Pinto Mariano, Sudip Kumar Rakshit
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jean-Christophe Bonhivers, Christopher Reddick, Carlos E. V. Rossell, Adriano Pinto Mariano, Rubens Maciel Filho
Summary: The production of hydrogen from biomass by syngasification in Brazil presents an opportunity for increasing the profitability of the sugarcane ethanol industry. Hydrogen can be produced from sugarcane ethanol to make high-value chemicals and can also serve as a transportation fuel. This article discusses the thermodynamics of syngasification, proposes a C-H-O chart to analyze chemical reactions, and analyzes the heat cascade in the process of producing hydrogen. The results show that the chemical reactions release enough heat to meet the thermal demands of downstream operations.
PROCESS INTEGRATION AND OPTIMIZATION FOR SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Pablo A. Silva Ortiz, Daniel Florez-Orrego, Adriano Pinto Mariano, Vyacheslav Kafarov, Silvio De Oliveira Junior, Rubens Maciel Filho
Summary: This study focuses on improving existing sugarcane biorefineries and cogeneration units by using byproducts to increase surplus electricity sales. Simulation processes show that straw recovery can significantly increase surplus electricity production, but the cost of straw gathering also impacts the overall efficiency of the sugarcane biorefinery.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERGY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jean-Christophe Bonhivers, Pablo Andres Silva Ortiz, Christopher Reddick, Carlos Eduardo Vaz Rossell, Adriano Pinto Mariano, Rubens Maciel Filho
Summary: This paper discusses methods to improve energy efficiency in ethanol production by heat integration in existing plants, and provides a detailed analysis of the overall energy utilization in the plant, offering ways to enhance energy performance.
PROCESS INTEGRATION AND OPTIMIZATION FOR SUSTAINABILITY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
N. Qureshi, X. Lin, S. Liu, B. C. Saha, A. P. Mariano, J. Polaina, T. C. Ezeji, A. Friedl, I. S. Maddox, K. T. Klasson, B. S. Dien, V Singh
FERMENTATION-BASEL
(2020)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Jingmo Zhou, Shubin Wu, Ying Liu
Summary: Expenditure isolation of lignin and the understanding of its structural variations during different isolation processes are crucial for the high-value utilization of lignin. This study proposed a green deep eutectic solvent (DES) consisting of choline chloride, ethylene glycol, and 4-chlorobenzene sulfonic acid for rapid lignin separation from poplar. The structural variations of DES lignin and its relationship with alkali pre-extraction of hemicellulose were investigated. The results showed that alkali pretreatment enhanced the DES separation of lignin and promoted the cleavage of specific linkages, resulting in reduced molecular weight and thermal stability of isolated DES lignin. Moreover, DES lignin obtained from integrated utilization displayed higher purity and S/G ratio compared to lignin obtained from direct DES treatment.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yuping Li, Ziyan Xie, Yun Huang, Jiangyi Zeng, Chao Yang, Ling Yuan, Ying Wang, Yongqing Li
Summary: In this study, the characteristic flavonoids (CFs) of three licorice species were identified through integrated metabolic and transcriptomic analysis. The key regulators of CF biosynthesis were also identified. These findings provide valuable information for understanding the biosynthesis of CFs and future breeding of Glycyrrhiza varieties.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xianjie Pan, Zhaoyi Luo, Fanqi Liu, Quanqian Yi, Yanning Zeng
Summary: This study presents a novel strategy for fabricating fully bio-based epoxy vitrimers using peach gum and itaconic acid, which exhibit superior mechanical properties and thermostability. The materials were characterized and the self-healing and recycling capabilities were evaluated. The results demonstrate the potential of using these materials for sustainable industrial applications.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Mohsen Sabzi-Nojadeh, Mohammad Pouresmaeil, Mina Amani, Mehdi Younessi-Hamzekhanlu, Filippo Maggi
Summary: This study shows that inoculating Summer savory plants with endophytic fungus Trichoderma harzianum can improve plant growth and increase salt tolerance. The fungus enhances growth, restores chlorophyll and antioxidant levels, reduces harmful substances, and increases proline and soluble sugar levels, thereby increasing crop productivity in saline conditions.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yu Liu, Lei Li, Aichen Zhao, Xiuming Song, Lulu Wei, Mengdi Fang, Chuchu Zheng, Xiaodong Zhu
Summary: This study investigates the impact of peppermint essential oil microcapsules on the unpleasant odor emissions from wax oil coated wood products. The results show that microcapsules can improve the time and stability of odor release.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Mesut Budak, Mirac Kilic, Hikmet Guenal, Ismail Velik, Mesut Sirri
Summary: This study assessed land suitability for rapeseed production using topography, climate, and soil data by analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System (MFIS). The study area covered land in the Diyarbakir province of southeastern Turkiye. The results indicated the proportions of different land suitability classes and showed the compatibility of AHP and MFIS methods in assessing suitability.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rui Tian, Yue Liu, Chao Wang, Weikun Jiang, Srinivas Janaswamy, Guihua Yang, Xingxiang Ji, Gaojin Lyu
Summary: In this study, hollow and solid lignin nanoparticles were synthesized through self-assembly and their application in PVA nanocomposite films was investigated. The results showed that the presence of hollow lignin nanoparticles in the films resulted in a room-like network structure, while the solid lignin nanoparticles induced different structural changes. The inclusion of LNPs improved the mechanical properties of the films, and both types of LNPs exhibited good hydrophobicity.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Marcos Vinicius Silva de Andrade, Simone Ribeiro Lucho, Renato Delmondez de Castro, Paulo Roberto Ribeiro
Summary: Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, commonly known as stevia, is a widely cultivated shrub with highly sweetening metabolites. It has gained significant interest in the food and beverage industries due to its extremely sweet taste and various health benefits. Researchers are currently focused on studying biotechnological strategies to enhance the biosynthesis of stevia plant metabolites for improved cultivation and production.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Eleonora Cintura, Paulina Faria, Luisa Molari, Luca Barbaresi, Dario D'Orazio, Lina Nunes
Summary: This study investigated the properties of Arundo donax as a building material and found that it has strong adaptability, high hygroscopicity, and unique sound absorption behavior. The mechanical tests also demonstrated the applicability of the Arundo donax-based composite. This opens up new possibilities for the further application of Arundo donax-based materials.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Stiina Kotiranta, Juha-Matti Pihlava, Titta Kotilainen, Pauliina Palonen
Summary: The effect of light spectra, particularly far-red and short wavelength radiation, on the growth and secondary metabolites of cannabis is significant. Altering the R:FR ratio can increase the concentration and yield of secondary metabolites, while short wavelength radiation does not significantly affect plant morphology and secondary metabolite concentrations.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xuze Liu, Fangmin Liang, Jinyuan Cheng, Xuelian Zhou, Jia Wang, Guigan Fang, Kuizhong Shen, Xianzhi Meng, Chen Huang, Arthur J. Ragauskas
Summary: A novel Na2S-facilitated DES pretreatment method was proposed to fractionate moso bamboo, which achieved high lignin removal and preserved most cellulose and hemicellulose with excellent enzymatic digestibility.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Zechun Ren, Xinyuan Zhou, Kejiao Ding, Tong Ji, Hao Sun, Xiang Chi, Yunzhao Wei, Min Xu
Summary: This study prepared a thermal/magnetic/light-triggered multi-stimuli responsive shape memory polymer composite with excellent properties by adding magnetic nanoparticles into a polyurethane composite. The composite showed high shape recovery rate, fast response behavior, and suitability for 3D printing. Controllable external stimuli allowed for dynamic, remote, and precise control of 4D transformations. This work is significant for the design of smart materials and devices.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yurany Camacho Ardila, Jaiver Efren Jaimes Figueroa, Maria Regina Wolf Maciel
Summary: The higher heating value (HHV) and elemental composition are important properties of biomass, and their prediction using proximate and ultimate analysis is accurate.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xiaohan Chen, Xianke Wang, Lili Shang, Xinxin Ma, Changhua Fang, Benhua Fei, Huanrong Liu, Shuqin Zhang
Summary: This study focuses on the comprehensive characterization of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of bamboo parenchyma and the evaluation of its tensile and compressive properties, as well as the analysis of its failure mechanisms. The study found that the measured tensile strength and elastic modulus of the parenchyma tissue are 48.81 MPa and 706.48 MPa, respectively. Compression failure modes in parenchyma tissue encompass compression bending and cell fracture, shear failure of the middle lamella, and detachment and debonding of the cell wall.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Tianfeng Liu, Yuxin Liu, Yunlin Fu, Mengji Qiao, Penglian Wei, Zhigao Liu, Yingjian Li
Summary: This study explored the formation mechanism of agarwood induced by fungus and its potential application in high-quality and high-yielding agarwood production. The results showed that the transition layer played a critical role in the continuous accumulation of agarwood, and the parenchyma cells of the xylem rays and interxylary phloem were the main action site of fungus. The accumulation and distribution of chemical composition in different layers were also investigated. The study identified the drivers of specific compounds and provided a theoretical foundation for future agarwood production.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
