Biosynthesis, characterisation and antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide and nickel doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using Euphorbia abyssinica bark extract

Biosynthesis of metallic oxide nanoparticles is being used and preferred over physical and chemical methods of synthesis since it is simple, inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and green. The aim of this study was to synthesise ZnO and nickel doped ZnO nanoparticles using Euphorbia abyssinica bark extract for antimicrobial activity studies via agar disk diffusion method against some selected microbes. The synthesised nanoparticles were characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The study results revealed that the biosynthesised nanoparticles had good crystalline nature, with crystal sizes in the range of nanoparticles and structures of hexagonal wurtzite. Both undoped ZnO and nickel doped ZnO nanoparticles demonstrated antibacterial and antifungal activity against four bacterial strains and two fungal genus. Generally, nickel doped ZnO NPs were found to possess more antimicrobial activities than undoped ZnO NPs. Specially, 4% and 5% nickel doped ZnO NPs showed significantly enhanced activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus and Fusarium.

Automated summary

Bio-synthesized metallic oxide nanoparticles, specifically zinc oxide (ZnO) and nickel doped ZnO, were successfully synthesized using Euphorbia abyssinica bark extract in this study. These nanoparticles demonstrated good crystalline nature, hexagonal wurtzite structures, and antimicrobial activity against various bacterial strains and fungal genus, with nickel doped ZnO nanoparticles showing higher efficacy than undoped ZnO nanoparticles. Specifically, 4% and 5% nickel doped ZnO nanoparticles exhibited significantly enhanced activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus, and Fusarium.