Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Rana Elnaggar, Lorenzo Servadei, Shubham Mathur, Robert Wille, Wolfgang Ecker, Krishnendu Chakrabarty
Summary: Malware applications pose a significant threat to computing systems. Existing defense mechanisms are insufficient against new malware families. This study proposes the use of hardware performance counters (HPCs) and the XGBoost classifier to improve malware detection performance by at least 15%. Additionally, it demonstrates the early detection capability and low false positive rates of a multitemporal classification model. The XGBoost classifier also shows high resilience against adversarial attacks.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Luca Cassano, Mattia Iamundo, Tomas Antonio Lopez, Alessandro Nazzari, Giorgio Di Natale
Summary: Hardware Trojan Horses (HTHs) pose a serious threat to academia and industry due to their complexity and dangerousness. This paper proposes DETON, an automatic methodology for software manipulation to protect microprocessor-based systems against information stealing HTHs. DETON aims to produce an obfuscated version of the program to be executed on an untrusted CPU-based system, reducing the exposure of sensitive information to attackers. The DETON framework is compatible with the underlying target HW platform and incorporates guidelines and metrics for assessing software obfuscation against information-stealing HTHs.
JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Kerem Arikan, Alessandro Palumbo, Luca Cassano, Pedro Reviriego, Salvatore Pontarelli, Giuseppe Bianchi, Oguz Ergin, Marco Ottavi
Summary: The article presents a new approach based on count-min sketches for detecting microarchitectural attacks on microprocessors featured by embedded systems. The method is effective in detecting various attacks without introducing interference to the system.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Marcello Barbirotta, Abdallah Cheikh, Antonio Mastrandrea, Francesco Menichelli, Marco Angioli, Saeid Jamili, Mauro Olivieri
Summary: High-performance embedded systems are driving the growth of the IoT through powerful processors, specialized hardware accelerators, and advanced software techniques. By combining hardware and software techniques, it is possible to design embedded architectures that can continue to function correctly even in the event of a failure or malfunction, thus increasing overall reliability and safety.
Review
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Shimeng Yu, Wonbo Shim, Xiaochen Peng, Yandong Luo
Summary: This paper reviews the recent progress of RRAM-based CIM accelerator design, covering testing of RRAM characteristics, scalability of RRAM CIM inference engine, challenges associated with in-situ training, and a proposed solution of hybrid precision synapse. The study also discusses prospects and future research needs in this field.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Alessandro Palumbo, Luca Cassano, Bruno Luzzi, Jose Alberto Hernandez, Pedro Reviriego, Giuseppe Bianchi, Marco Ottavi
Summary: This paper investigates the ability of Machine Learning (ML) to detect Hardware Trojan Horses (HTHs) introduced by CAD tools in microprocessor softcore designs implemented onto SRAM-based FPGAs. A comparative analysis of various ML models is conducted, indicating that many of them achieve accuracy above 98% and kappa values above 0.97. By identifying the most effective ML models and features, this study lays the foundation for the integration of an ML-based bitstream verification flow.
JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
Hoda Naghibijouybari, Esmaeil Mohammadian Koruyeh, Nael Abu-Ghazaleh
Summary: With the increasing proliferation of hardware accelerators and the predicted continued increase in the heterogeneity of future computing systems, understanding the security properties of such systems is necessary. This survey article focuses on the security of heterogeneous systems against microarchitectural attacks, including covert- and side-channel attacks and fault injection attacks. It reviews research on the vulnerability of individual accelerators and efforts to mitigate these attacks, as well as the vulnerability of other components within a heterogeneous system. The survey is timely as new accelerators and heterogeneous systems are being designed to address security concerns alongside performance.
ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS
(2023)
Article
Mathematics
Marc Briane, Loic Herve
Summary: This paper investigates various aspects of the ODE flow induced by a periodic vector field b on the torus, showing that the a.e. asymptotics of the flow, the unit set condition for D-b, and the homogenization of the transport equation with divergence free b are equivalent. By extending the results of two-dimensional Stepanoff flow to any dimension, it is demonstrated that the flow may be ergodic without satisfying the everywhere asymptotics.
JOURNAL OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Steven A. Vasilescu, Shayan Khorsandi, Lin Ding, Sajad Razavi Bazaz, Reza Nosrati, Debra Gook, Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
Summary: Separation of sperm cells from a mixed suspension of background cells and debris using inertial microfluidics technology significantly improves sperm recovery rate and does not impact sperm parameters. This technology has great potential for non-motile sperm recovery and simplifying fertility outcomes for severe male infertility cases requiring surgery.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Nathaniel R. Wilson, Yusuf Acikgoz, Elshad Hasanov
Summary: Non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) is a common subtype of renal cell carcinoma, which mainly affects younger patients and often presents with metastasis. The prognosis of nccRCC is generally worse compared to other subtypes. Clinical trials for this subtype are lacking, leading to limited data on response rates and survival outcomes. Current treatment options for nccRCC are still being investigated, often based on extrapolation from studies on clear-cell RCC.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Nathalia Florencia Barros Azeredo, Mauro S. Ferreira Santos, Juliane R. Sempionatto, Joseph Wang, Lucio Angnes
Summary: This overview provides an in-depth update on the trends and possibilities of using screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) coupled with flow systems in modern electroanalysis. The combination of SPEs and flow systems allows for increased measurement throughput, reduced reagent consumption, and minimal waste generation, making it attractive for future users with basic knowledge.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Nimish Mathure, Sudarshan K. Srinivasan, Kushal K. Ponugoti
Summary: Researchers have developed a highly automated verification methodology to detect if modern microprocessor designs are vulnerable to Spectre attacks, and the method has shown high efficiency and accuracy in benchmark testing.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohammed Alser, Joel Lindegger, Can Firtina, Nour Almadhoun, Haiyu Mao, Gagandeep Singh, Juan Gomez-Luna, Onur Mutlu
Summary: This article discusses the ongoing progress in utilizing intelligent algorithms and hardware architectures to significantly improve the performance, accuracy, and efficiency of genome analysis. It explains algorithmic methods and hardware-based acceleration approaches, along with experimental evaluations. The article also provides a foresight on future challenges, benefits, and research directions in the field.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Guoqi Xie, Wenhong Ma, Hao Peng, Renfa Li, Keqin Li
Summary: The study introduces a performance-price driven hardware cost optimization method PPHCO, combining PPHCO1 and PPHCO2, to achieve powerful cost optimization capability and superior time efficiency simultaneously. Experiments show that PPHCO outperforms the state-of-the-art EEHCO and SEEHCO algorithms in terms of both cost optimization capability and time efficiency.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Biophysics
Sima Singh, Numan Arshid, Stefano Cinti
Summary: Detection of extracellular vesicles is a challenge that requires a multidisciplinary approach to develop flexible, miniaturized point-of-care devices. Materials scientists and engineers have worked on this platform to create devices for exosome detection based on nanomaterials. Challenges and potential solutions for expanding clinical applications were discussed.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Lisa Wu Wills, Karthik Swaminathan
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS
(2020)
Article
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
Augusto Vega, Alper Buyuktosunoglu, Davide Callegaro, Marco Levorato, Pradip Bose
Summary: This work focuses on a new generation cloud-backed mobile cognition system architecture, where vehicles execute DL applications with dynamic assistance from the cloud. By balancing inference execution across the cloud and the vehicle, significant power efficiency improvements can be achieved compared to all or nothing solutions.
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Aporva Amarnath, Subhankar Pal, Hiwot Tadese Kassa, Augusto Vega, Alper Buyuktosunoglu, Hubertus Franke, John-David Wellman, Ronald Dreslinski, Pradip Bose
Summary: A new heterogeneous-aware, multi-level scheduler called HetSched is proposed, which utilizes runtime information and application constraints to significantly reduce mission time for autonomous vehicles, as well as effectively reduce the number of accelerators required.
IEEE COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE LETTERS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Bagus Hanindhito, Karthik Swaminathan, Vijaykrishnan Narayanan, Lizy Kurian John
