Journal
BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
Volume 94, Issue 3, Pages 334-339Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1449-5
Keywords
Fluorine; Fluoride; Soil washing; Acid; HCl; Contaminated soil
Categories
Funding
- Korea Ministry of Environment as the GAIA (Geo-Advanced Innovative Action) Project [2014000540011]
- Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI) [ARQ201402019002] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Bench-scale soil washing experiments were conducted to remove fluoride from contaminated soils. Five washing solutions including hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and tartaric acid (C4H6O6) were tested. The concentration of the washing solutions used ranged from 0.1 to 3 M with a liquid to solid ratio of 10. The soil washing results showed that the most effective washing solution for the removal of fluoride from contaminated soils was HCl. The highest fluoride removal results of approximately 97 % from the contaminated soil were obtained using 3 M HCl. The fluoride removal efficiency of the washing solution increases in the following order: C4H6O6 < NaOH < H2SO4 < HNO3 < HCl.
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