Article
Thermodynamics
Shuping Zhang, Haoxin Yin, Jiaxing Wang, Shuguang Zhu, Yuanquan Xiong
Summary: The study synthesized novel Ni nanoparticles embedded carbon nanofiber/porous carbon catalysts for catalytic cracking of biomass tar, which exhibited favorable catalytic activity and stability. The catalyst showed a good activity-structure relationship, effectively inhibiting coke deposition and sintering of metallic Ni.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Qunqing Lin, Shuping Zhang, Jiaxing Wang, Haoxin Yin
Summary: This study reported the directional construction of modified char-supported Ni-Fe catalyst for strengthening tar cracking, which showed superior catalytic performance at optimized temperature, significantly reducing the relative content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in residue tar and exhibiting high activity for the cleavage of tar macromolecules. The results are expected to establish the theory foundation and construction method of char-supported Ni-Fe catalyst for tar catalytic cracking in the industry.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xurui Zhang, Zezhou Chen, Long Cheng, Linlin Xu, Xiaotao Bi, Qingya Liu
Summary: A novel strategy for waste petroleum coke valorization was proposed by activating and preparing petroleum coke derived catalyst, which exhibited superior catalytic performance in tar destruction. Results showed that the petroleum coke derived catalyst demonstrated good resistance to coke deposition under H2 and steam atmospheres.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Sisi Huang, Hailiang Xu, Hongyan Li, Yifeng Guo, Zhenjie Sun, Yang Du, Huaju Li, Jinfeng Zhang, Renze Pang, Qing Dong, Shuping Zhang
Summary: The Ni-Cu/ASC catalyst synthesized through one-step pyrolysis exhibited excellent performance in biomass tar cracking at high temperatures, leading to increased syngas production and inhibition of harmful aromatic hydrocarbon formation.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xi Zeng, Mengjie Shen, Fang Wang, Xiaohong Ma, Dandan Hu, Tingting Wang, Yanbin Cui
Summary: This research focuses on the reaction features and kinetics of tar catalytic conversion by char, and investigates the roles of heat and catalysis in the process. The results show that tar catalytic cracking requires longer reaction time but obtains higher conversions. The study also finds that the catalytic action of char is remarkable, especially at low temperatures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shilin Du, Rui Shu, Feiqiang Guo, Songbo Mao, Jiaming Bai, Lin Qian, Chengyun Xin
Summary: In this study, porous coal char-based catalysts were prepared using coal gangue and lignite with high metals content for biomass tar decomposition. The CO2 etching and metal exposure improved the catalysts' porosity, enhancing adsorption and contact with reactants. The coal gangue char prepared at 800 degrees C exhibited the highest catalytic activity. At a reforming temperature of 700 degrees C, CG-800 achieved a high tar conversion efficiency and total syngas yield.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiaxing Wang, Shuping Zhang, Dan Xu, Huiyan Zhang
Summary: Developing an efficient and inexpensive catalyst for the removal of tar is crucial in biomass gasification technology. In this study, a red mud/carbonaceous catalyst was prepared through in-situ carbothermal reduction and showed improved catalytic activity and stability. The catalyst achieved a tar conversion efficiency of 88.70% at a temperature of 700 degrees C and maintained 80.15% conversion after nine cycles.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shuping Zhang, Jiaxing Wang, Lei Ye, Sha Li, Yinhai Su, Huiyan Zhang
Summary: In this study, a biochar supported Fe-Mo carbides catalyst was successfully synthesized using impregnation method combined with in-situ carbothermal reduction from abundant biomass raw materials. It was found that the addition of Mo species promoted the formation of Fe3C active sites on the surface of Fe particles, which further etched the carbon support with an abundant mesoporous structure. The catalyst showed high tar cracking efficiency and could be regenerated under N2 atmosphere to overcome coke deposition and metal oxidation.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shuping Zhang, Yizhe Shang, Jiaxing Wang, He Chen, Yuanquan Xiong, Huiyan Zhang
Summary: A char-supported NiFe-NiFe2O4 catalyst was developed for efficient catalytic cracking of tar from biomass at a relatively low temperature. The optimized f600Fe-Ni@Char catalyst achieved a high tar conversion efficiency of 92.54% at 600 degrees C and maintained stable catalytic activity of approximately 80% after initial 3 cycles. The superior catalytic behavior of the catalyst was attributed to the protective effect of carbon nanofibers shell layer and the activation effect of NiFe-NiFe2O4 hybrid active sites. This study provides useful information for solving the bottleneck derived from tar in biomass gasification.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Niyu Yao, Chongjie Zhang, Chengxuan Luo, Jinxian Wang, Zheng Zeng, Liqing Li
Summary: A new carbon-based nanocatalyst with distinct micro-mesoporous structure was synthesized by carbothermic reduction of the catalyst under a mixed gas atmosphere, using cigarette stalks as raw material. The catalyst showed high toluene conversion, stable lifetime and desirable hydrogen selectivity at relatively low temperature. The addition of hydrogen during the synthesis maintained a high metal distribution and prevented collapse of the pore structure, resulting in increased surface area and pore volume.
DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chen Yang, Yunji Pang, GangHui Li, Yisheng Chen, Huan Li
Summary: Foam ceramics prepared from diatomite showed excellent catalytic performance as catalyst carriers for biomass pyrolysis gas reforming. Loading Fe2O3 on the foam ceramics enhanced catalytic performance, increasing gas yield by 13.14% and reducing liquid yield by 33.54% at 750 degrees Celsius. The repeated use tests demonstrated higher anti-deactivation activity and improved catalytic effect in the second use compared to the third use. The analysis of gas phase products revealed increased H-2, CH4, and CO2 yields with the use of diatomite-based foam ceramics, while CO yield decreased.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Priyanka Gupta, Nishith Verma
Summary: The study introduces a catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) technique using iron nanoparticle-dispersed carbon nanofibers on activated carbon beads for efficient mineralization of glyphosate in wastewater. Complete degradation of PMG was achieved within 6 hours under experimental conditions, with a turnover frequency value of 2.056 x 10(-2) s(-1 and 80% chemical oxygen demand removal.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Andreas Tsiamis, Francisco Diaz Sanchez, Niklas Hartikainen, Michael Chung, Srinjoy Mitra, Ying Chin Lim, Huey Ling Tan, Norbert Radacsi
Summary: This study presents a scalable method for developing ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensors by maximizing sensor conductivity through graphene wrapping of carbonized electrospun nanofibers. The effectiveness of the graphene wrap was determined visually and chemically, with the graphene-wrapped carbonized nanofiber electrode showing significantly improved performance. Despite inhibitive effects from the carbon glue used, the graphene-wrapped carbonized nanofibers exhibited potential for a highly conductive and inert sensing platform.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yishuang Wang, Zhiheng Lu, Mingqiang Chen, Defang Liang, Jun Wang
Summary: Tar formation is a major challenge in biomass gasification, but catalytic steam reforming (CSR) can potentially convert tar into hydrogen. This study successfully prepared a series of NixFeyMn/ATP catalysts and applied them to CSR of toluene, a model tar compound. The addition of trace amounts of Fe and Mn improved the catalyst's stability and activity.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wen Qian Chen, Yi Heng Cheong, Xiaoxu Fu, Li Ya Ge, Andrei Veksha, Grzegorz Lisak
Summary: The study proposes a method for synthesizing GCN using Fe-assisted CCVD, resulting in higher yield and better functionality, leading to a 3D hierarchically porous material with higher specific capacitance, higher capacitance retention, and lower charge transfer resistance.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.