Article
Engineering, Environmental
Maria Steadmon, Kebang Ngiraklang, Macy Nagata, Keanu Masga, Kiana L. Frank
Summary: This study investigated the concentration, survival, and persistence of Staphylococcus aureus in environmental fresh and brackish waters. The experimental design preserved in situ conditions to measure the survival of S. aureus. Higher initial concentrations of S. aureus were observed in fresh waters with elevated turbidity, while greater persistence was found in brackish waters. Water turbidity and salinity were positively associated with the concentrations and persistence of S. aureus. Climate change increases rainfall intensity, which in turn raises water turbidity and pathogen loading, thereby heightening the risk of exposure to S. aureus.
WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
J. van Engelen, G. H. P. Oude Essink, M. F. P. Bierkens
Summary: Population growth, urbanization, and intensification of irrigated agriculture in deltas around the world have increased the demand for fresh water, leading to extensive groundwater extraction. This extraction has resulted in saltwater intrusion and the depletion of fresh groundwater resources, posing a threat to freshwater and food security.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
D. Scott Smith, R. Nasir, Wayne Parker, A. Peters, G. Merrington, R. van Egmond, S. Lofts
Summary: The study compared WHAM predictions with measured ionic silver in diverse DOM, capturing the variability within model uncertainty. WHAM significantly underestimated silver binding in sewage samples, proposing a revised empirical model to account for sewage-specific binding sites. It is suggested that as sewage organic matter degrades, WHAM may better model the form.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Paul H. Hutton, Sujoy B. Roy
Summary: This study evaluates the applicability of PSS-78 in measuring salinity across the San Francisco Estuary, where salinity is influenced by a mixture of seawater, riverine inflows, and agricultural return flows. The study finds that PSS-78 is valid in waters dominated by seawater intrusion and the Sacramento River, but underestimates salinity in waters influenced by the San Joaquin River and agricultural return flows. Therefore, the study suggests appropriate corrections to PSS-78 for accurate salinity estimation in these drainage-influenced waters.
ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Amin I. Ismayilov, Amrakh I. Mamedov, Haruyuki Fujimaki, Atsushi Tsunekawa, Guy J. Levy
Summary: Soil salinity significantly impacts soil ecosystem quality and crop production in semi-arid and arid regions. Despite a wealth of data collected over the past 70 years, the complexity of using this data in international networks lies in the different measurement methods and expressions of salinity. The study focused on examining the relationship between electrical conductivity (EC) and total soluble salts (TSS) in soils for eight classic salinity types, finding that once the salinity type is identified, EC values can effectively be used to assess soil salinity levels in irrigated lands.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Fengying Ji, Rich Pawlowicz, Xuejun Xiong
Summary: The article introduces the TEOS-10 released by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission in 2009 to define and calculate the thermodynamic properties of seawater, with a focus on using Absolute Salinity instead of Practical Salinity. By studying data from the Chinese shelf waters, the quantity, distribution characteristics, and formation mechanism of Absolute Salinity and Absolute Salinity Anomaly are discussed. Finally, suggestions for the accurate measurement and expression of Absolute Salinity in China's offshore waters are proposed.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Adnan A. Hyder, Connie Hoe, Martha Hijar, Margaret Peden
Summary: The goal of this paper is to explore the evolution of road safety as a global public health issue and examine the political and economic factors that have contributed to this change. By discussing key stakeholders, influences, networks, issue framing, actor power, and synergistic interactions, the paper captures the important events and challenges that highlight the complexity of road safety. The authors suggest the need for the global road safety community to reassess its role and strategy and focus on implementation and country action to reduce road traffic injuries. They call for an open and inclusive process to facilitate this reflection before the end of the current decade.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Nicol Strakova, Ekaterina Shagieva, Petra Ovesna, Kristyna Korena, Hana Michova, Katerina Demnerova, Ivana Kolackova, Renata Karpiskova
Summary: This study evaluated the occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in different water sources, finding that physico-chemical parameters influence their presence. The concentration of ammonium and chloride ions can be used to successfully predict the potential occurrence of C. jejuni and C. coli in wastewater and surface water in the future.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Sharon Newnam, Carlyn Muir
Summary: This paper argues that optimizing workplace road safety intervention is contingent on a surveillance system that allows the capture of data across all levels of the transportation system. The proposed system thinking framework is focused on identifying and assigning safety performance indicators to key actors across the transportation system, rather than focusing solely on the behaviours of the individual-driver. The power of this type of data capture has the potential to reframe the planning and management of road safety to reduce death and injury in the workplace.
Review
Biology
Zhonghe Zhou
Summary: This paper gives a brief account of the history of Chinese paleontology for about one century and provides perspectives for its future development. The development of Chinese paleontology is closely related to its social-ecological background and its connections with the international community. It has benefited from rich fossil resources and the integration of other disciplines as well as the use of new technologies.
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Bruce C. Chessman
Summary: Anthropogenic salinisation of inland waters globally has significant impacts on society, economy, and ecology, including changes in biological communities. A new Invertebrate-Based Salinity Index (IBSI) was developed using published data on the occurrence of aquatic invertebrate taxa in relation to salinity. Testing the index with independent data showed a stronger association with salinity compared to prior Australian salinity indices based on macroinvertebrates. IBSI can be applied to both running and standing inland waters in Australia and has the potential to be extended to other countries.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Elisa Franzoni, Bensu Berk, Mattia Bassi, Clelia Marrone
Summary: Monitoring rising damp in historic masonry buildings is crucial for understanding the phenomenon and ensuring effective mitigation strategies. This paper presents the application of an integrated approach to monitoring moisture and salts in the church of Santa Croce in Ravenna, Italy, a noteworthy case of rising damp and material deterioration. The collected data so far, along with the investigation of a flooding event caused by a pumping system failure, contribute to a better understanding of rising damp and provide insights for further research and mitigation efforts.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
S. Fournier, J. T. Reager, H. A. Chandanpurkar, M. Pascolini-Campbell, S. Jarugula
Summary: This study shows that coastal sea surface salinity (SSS) variations are strongly correlated with global water cycle variability driven by El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Coastal SSS could be used as a proxy for detecting changes in the large-scale cycling of water between the oceans and continents.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Thomas Gremmen, Gijs van Dijk, Jaap Postma, Maite Colina, Lisette N. de Senerpont Domis, Mandy Velthuis, Rob van de Haterd, Fred Kuipers, Huibert van Rossum, Alfons J. P. Smolders, Sarian Kosten
Summary: In agricultural landscapes of North-Western Europe, eutrophic waters with a lack of submerged macrophytes and associated biodiversity are a significant source of methane and carbon dioxide emissions. A two-year field experiment in the southwest Netherlands demonstrated that excluding grazing and bioturbation by fish allowed the successful establishment of submerged macrophytes, reducing diffusive CH4 and CO2 emissions. The study also highlighted the potential of large-scale fish removal to stimulate submerged macrophyte growth and mitigate methane emissions.
Article
Plant Sciences
Lu Feng, Ling Peng, Qian Cui, Hong-Jun Yang, Jin-Zhao Ma, Jing-Tao Liu
Summary: This study highlights the importance of plant persistence strategies in supratidal wetlands in response to rising groundwater levels and salinity conditions. The research found that annuals have greater seed persistence than perennials, and storage in saturated conditions improves seed persistence. Surprisingly, higher groundwater salinity was associated with faster germination speed after storage. These findings suggest that many species of seeds in supratidal wetlands may not immediately germinate but can maintain viability to adapt to climate change.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)