Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 55, Issue 23, Pages 16044-16055Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05296
Keywords
SARS-CoV-2; residual disinfection effect; human skin; survival time; contact transmission
Categories
Funding
- Adaptable and Seamless Technology Transfer Program through Target-driven R&D (ASTEP) from the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) [JPMJTR21UE, JPMJTM20PR]
- AMED [JP 20fk0108077]
- JSPS KAKENHI [21K16326]
- Takeda Science Foundation
- Mitsubishi Foundation
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [21K16326] Funding Source: KAKEN
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The study found that certain disinfectants have lasting disinfection effects on the skin, reducing virus survival time and decreasing contact transmission risk, thereby enhancing infection control.
Lasting disinfection effects, that is, the residual disinfection effects (RDEs), of skin-coated disinfectants have rarely been considered for infection control owing to the challenges involved in the accurate evaluation of RDEs. In this study, we constructed a new skin evaluation model and determined the RDEs of existing disinfectants against viruses. Our results showed that ethanol and isopropanol had no RDE, whereas povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine gluconate, and benzalkonium chloride (BAC) exhibited RDEs, with 10% povidone-iodine and 0.2% BAC showing particularly strong RDEs. The RDE of 0.2% BAC was strong enough to reduce the median survival times of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, human coronavirus-OC43, and influenza virus from 670 to 5.2, 1300 to 12, and 120 to 4.2 min, respectively. Additionally, this strong RDE was maintained even 4 h after coating the skin. Clinical data also showed that the strong RDE of 0.2% BAC was maintained for more than 2 h. Thus, applying disinfectants with strong RDEs on the skin correlates with a reduction in virus survival time and appears to create a skin surface environment that is not conducive to virus survival. A prolonged reduction in virus survival decreases the contact transmission risk, thereby enabling stronger infection control.
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