A review of Industry 4.0 characteristics and challenges, with potential improvements using blockchain technology

Industry 4.0 mainly refers to factories in which machines use smart and autonomous systems enhanced by the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning and cyber-physical systems. But what reveals the true potential of Industry 4.0 is the established connection and communication between computers and machines that allow making decisions without any human intervention. The network formed by these interconnected machines, and the generated considerable amount of data, marks the actual value of Industry 4.0. Looking at the main features of Industry 4.0, we find many similarities with blockchain technology. The key drivers for Industry 4.0 and blockchain are data management, connectivity and digitization. Additionally, decentralization and distribution are considered as shared architectural features. This paper seeks to open new horizons on the potential of blockchain technology as an empowering tool for the 4th industrial era. We are first investigating the fundamentals of Industry 4.0, its challenges, barriers and limitations, and finally exploring areas where blockchain technology can bring new features and add value to the deployment of Industry 4.0.

Automated summary

Industry 4.0 refers to the use of smart and autonomous systems in factories, enhanced by IoT, AI, machine learning and cyber-physical systems. Blockchain technology shares similarities with Industry 4.0, focusing on data management, connectivity and decentralization. The combination of these two technologies can bring new value and features to the deployment of the 4th industrial revolution.