Article
Mechanics
Patryk Jakubczak, Piotr Podolak, Magda Drozdziel-Jurkiewicz
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the compressive strength of Fibre Metal Laminates (FMLs) after impact. The main objective was to analyze the damage growth range, size, and mechanisms during load under different initial damage states and final post-impact strength. Glass fibre/titanium and carbon fibre/titanium FMLs were tested and analyzed. The research identified and characterized three load bearing states of FMLs based on force reduction characteristics. Additionally, it was found that the strength reduction of FMLs does not decrease significantly with impact energy, possibly due to the protective role of elastic-plastic metal layers.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Composites
Sasanka Kakati, Debabrata Chakraborty
Summary: This paper provides a detailed review of the response of fibre metal laminates (FMLs) under low-velocity impact, discussing the influences of geometrical and material parameters, comparing numerical and analytical models, and suggesting potential areas of future research for improving FML performance.
JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Johannes Reiner, Navid Zobeiry, Reza Vaziri
Summary: A simple and efficient finite element modelling approach is presented for simulating the residual strength of carbon fiber reinforced composite laminates after impact, with results showing reasonable predictions for different laminate structures and errors ranging from 10% to 30%.
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
M. Rathnasabapathy, A. P. Mouritz, A. C. Orifici
Summary: The study found that the amount of impact damage and post-impact compressive strength of the fibre metal laminate (FML) depended on the type and magnitude of the preload under different loading conditions. More severe damage was induced under tension preload, with greater reduction in post-impact strength compared to compression.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Wenchao Huang, Changyou Li, Liyang Xie, Dawei Jia, Bao Chai, Hongzhuang Zhang, Ying Gao
Summary: This paper presents a detailed study on the compression after impact (CAI) behavior of hygrothermal aged T300 985LV carbon/epoxy composites through experimental and numerical investigations. The effects of hygrothermal environments on CAI strength are analyzed, and a numerical model is established and validated. The results provide useful insights for the design and application of civil aircraft.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jing Sun, Shanqing Xu, Guoxing Lu, Qing Wang, Ao Gong
Summary: This paper extensively investigates the high-velocity impact resistance of lightweight laminates composed of carbon-fibre/epoxy layers sandwiched by titanium alloy skins and aluminium alloy skins. The ballistic limit of the laminates is estimated to be between 241.6 m/s and 257.1 m/s. The impact velocity governs the energy absorption and damage modes. Experimental investigations on the influence of fibre metal laminates configuration show that thicker skins and higher number of fibre layers enhance the specific energy absorption.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Hao Li, Zhaogang Yu, Zhen Tao, Kun Liu
Summary: This paper investigates the repeated low velocity impact responses and compression-after-impact behaviors of woven glass fiber-reinforced composite laminates at the same total impact energy. The influence of impact energy on the mechanical response is more significant than the impact number, and fewer impact numbers cause more damage for the same accumulative impact energy.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Bangxiong Liu, Jiamei Lai, Hesheng Liu, Zhichao Huang, Bin Liu, Ze Peng, Wei Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the edge-on impact damage mechanism and residual strength in compression of composite laminates, considering variations in impact energy, stitching, and stitching density. The damage to the laminate after edge-on impact is examined using visual inspection, electron microscopic observation, and X-ray computed tomography techniques. The findings suggest that stitching technique improves damage tolerance and residual strength, inhibits crack expansion, and the effect increases with increasing suture density.
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
M. Rathnasabapathy, A. P. Mouritz, A. C. Orifici
Summary: This study presents a finite element (FE) model that accurately computes the low energy impact response and damage to fibre metal laminates (FMLs) under tension preloading. The FE model is capable of predicting the initiation and progression of impact damage, including metal plastic deformation, delamination damage, and debonding along the metal-composite interfaces. Experimental data for an aluminium/glass-epoxy FML is used to evaluate the accuracy of the FE model. The model accurately predicts the peak impact load, impact-time response, absorbed impact energy, and bulk deformation of the FML for different impact energy and preload conditions.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Haowei Zhang, Huiming Ding, Di Yang, Qiang Xu, Yicheng Ma, Yunbo Bi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of Z-pin insertion angles (60 degrees, 75 degrees and 90 degrees) on the behavior and failure modes of compression after impact (CAI) for composite laminates. Different laminates with Z-pins at various angles were impacted and then tested under compression load until failure. The results showed that the effects of Z-pin insertion angles on CAI behavior and failure modes depended on the layups and impact energies. The 90 degrees Z-pin was found to be the most effective in improving CAI strength for both [0/90]4s and [45/ 0/-45/90]2s laminates. Decreasing Z-pin insertion angles reduced the enhancement of CAI strength, particularly for [0/90]4s laminates at higher impact energies. This study provides new insights into the effect of Z-pin insertion angles on the CAI failure mechanism and performance of composite laminates.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Zhenyu Wu, Kang Wang, Lin Shi, Xiaoying Cheng, Yanhong Yuan
Summary: In this paper, the impact resistance and damage tolerance of triaxial braid structure laminates at different positions were studied. Results showed that the triaxial braided fabric with quasi-isotropic properties on the impact side caused more significant matrix cracks and larger damage areas. The study provided valuable reference for failure analysis and structure optimization of composite laminates.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Patryk Jakubczak, Magda Drozdziel, Piotr Podolak, Jesus Pernas-Sanchez
Summary: By combining fibre metal laminates (FML) with sandwich structures, the impact performance of FMLs can be significantly improved by enhancing energy absorption mechanisms. The failure mechanism of fibre foam laminates mainly involves delaminations and matrix cracks, while conventional fibre metal laminates primarily experience fibre cracking due to high stress concentrations. This difference leads to a better after-impact resistance of fibre foam metal laminates, improving the safety of structures manufactured with these materials.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yihui Liu, Yun Wan, Shuangxi Zhou, Minrui Huang, Zhibo Zhao, Yongbo Wang, Pengpeng Liu, Yunsheng Ma
Summary: This study investigated the impact of embedded metal wire nets on the low-velocity impact and compression-after-double-impact behaviors of GFRP laminates. The results showed that adding metal wire nets can improve the impact-resistance capacity of GFRP by dispersing the impact energy. However, in the CAI tests, the performance of hybrid laminates was poorer than that of conventional GFRP under high impact energy and distance conditions.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
M. Smolnicki, G. Lesiuk, Sz Duda, A. M. P. de Jesus
Summary: This article reviews different approaches to finite element analysis of fibre metal laminates based on published articles and the authors' own experiences. The interface between the metal and the composite layer is highlighted as a crucial factor in modelling fibre metal laminates. The quality of the different approaches is evaluated based on literature review and own research.
ARCHIVES OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Z. X. Lei, Junwei Ma, W. K. Sun, B. B. Yin, K. M. Liew
Summary: Composite structures can experience significant residual strength reduction due to invisible damage caused by impacts, which can result in severe harm without warning. Incorporating fibers, such as carbon and glass fibers, into composite laminates can enhance their impact resistance and compressive strength. This study investigated the dynamic response and residual strength of laminates reinforced with twill woven carbon fiber, glass fiber, and carbon/glass fiber hybrid under low-velocity impact and compression-after-impact testing. The results showed that adding glass fibers altered the impact damage mode and improved the laminates' impact resistance and compressive strength. The study also characterized the damage morphologies and failure mechanisms of the laminates, providing valuable insights for their structural design and performance improvement.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Patryk Jakubczak, Jaroslaw Bienias, Magda Drozdziel, Piotr Podolak, Aleksandra Harmasz
Article
Mechanics
Magda Drozdziel, Piotr Podolak, Pawel Czapski, Piotr Zgorniak, Patryk Jakubczak
Summary: Fibre reinforced polymers are commonly used in the manufacturing of thin-walled structures for their favorable mechanical properties. The study analyzed the failure mechanisms in thin-walled composite columns, noting that delamination is the dominant form of damage. Additional important failure initiation mechanisms, such as stepped cracks and fibre rupture, were also observed depending on the curing parameters and geometrical concepts.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Magda Drozdziel, Piotr Podolak, Davide Nardi, Patryk Jakubczak
Summary: This study evaluates the impact of kissing bonding defects on FML, revealing significant effects on the mechanical properties of FML and potential failure patterns such as interlayer fracture and translaminar fiber crack.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Patryk Jakubczak, Magda Drozdziel, Piotr Podolak, Jesus Pernas-Sanchez
Summary: By combining fibre metal laminates (FML) with sandwich structures, the impact performance of FMLs can be significantly improved by enhancing energy absorption mechanisms. The failure mechanism of fibre foam laminates mainly involves delaminations and matrix cracks, while conventional fibre metal laminates primarily experience fibre cracking due to high stress concentrations. This difference leads to a better after-impact resistance of fibre foam metal laminates, improving the safety of structures manufactured with these materials.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Piotr Podolak, Magda Drozdziel, Pawel Czapski, Tomasz Kubiak, Jaroslaw Bienias
Summary: The influence of stacking sequence on the failure mechanisms of glass-fibre reinforced epoxy columns under axial compression was evaluated in this study. Delamination was identified as the dominant failure mode, with changes in stacking sequences affecting the development of various types of cracks. The progressive failure analysis model was able to predict the approximate localization of failures by comparing experimental results with numerical simulations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Piotr Podolak, Patryk Jakubczak
Summary: The study aimed to analyse the buckling behaviour and damage mechanics of thin, cross-ply CFRP plates after impact by using progressive deformation analysis. Thin-walled CFRP was chosen as the one presenting stability issues and delamination susceptibility due to slender geometry and low out-of-plane strength. The study showed that the buckling behaviour of laminates during CAI is determined by the initial damage character caused by impact, with characteristic delaminations and fibre cracks identified as the main source of stiffness loss. The nature of delamination growth and cracks causes were described and proven.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Piotr Podolak, Magda Drozdziel-Jurkiewicz, Patryk Jakubczak, Jaroslaw Bienias
Summary: An experimental analysis was conducted to evaluate the mechanical behavior of aluminium-based fibre metal laminates under compression after impact. Damage initiation and propagation were assessed for critical state and force thresholds. Parametrization of laminates was done to compare their damage tolerance. Results showed that relatively low-energy impact had a marginal effect on the compressive strength of fibre metal laminates. The aluminium-glass laminate exhibited higher damage resistance while the aluminium-carbon laminate had greater energy dissipation ability. Significant damage propagation before the critical load was observed.
Article
Mechanics
Patryk Jakubczak, Piotr Podolak, Magda Drozdziel-Jurkiewicz
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the compressive strength of Fibre Metal Laminates (FMLs) after impact. The main objective was to analyze the damage growth range, size, and mechanisms during load under different initial damage states and final post-impact strength. Glass fibre/titanium and carbon fibre/titanium FMLs were tested and analyzed. The research identified and characterized three load bearing states of FMLs based on force reduction characteristics. Additionally, it was found that the strength reduction of FMLs does not decrease significantly with impact energy, possibly due to the protective role of elastic-plastic metal layers.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Zbigniew Czyz, Patryk Jakubczak, Piotr Podolak, Krzysztof Skiba, Pawel Karpinski, Magda Drozdziel-Jurkiewicz, Miroslaw Wendeker
Summary: This paper presents a method and test rig for analyzing the deformation of unmanned aircraft fuselages. The authors used a DIC system and a specially designed test rig with control and load control systems. The test rig allows simulation of different flight conditions and can change the forces acting on the fuselage. The tests conducted using the rig verified the maximum deformations and allowed for modifications to reduce the fuselage mass and increase construction balance.
EKSPLOATACJA I NIEZAWODNOSC-MAINTENANCE AND RELIABILITY
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Aerospace
Zbigniew Czyz, Pawel Karpinski, Krzysztof Skiba, Patryk Jakubczak, Piotr Podolak, Magda Drozdziel-Jurkiewicz
Summary: This paper presents the research possibilities of a test stand for testing deformations of unmanned aerial vehicle fuselages. The test stand can simulate different flight conditions and verify the maximum deformation of the fuselage, allowing for necessary modifications to increase its stiffness.
2022 IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON METROLOGY FOR AEROSPACE (IEEE METROAEROSPACE 2022)
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Rawan Aqel, Patrick Severson, Rani Elhajjar
Summary: A novel core splice joint configuration for composite sandwich structures is studied and proposed to improve the strength and toughness. Experimental and numerical efforts show that this configuration can significantly increase the ultimate strength by 13% to 51% and the toughness by 2% to 35%.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Xianheng Wang, Cong Chen, Jinsong Zhang, Xinming Qiu
Summary: In this paper, a new form-finding method based on spatial elastica model (FMSE) is proposed for elastic gridshells. The method integrates the deformations of elastic rods into the overall deformation of the gridshell, and solves a set of transcendental equations using the quasi-Newton method to ensure the deformation satisfies the given boundary conditions. The method is validated through experiments and expected to have potential applications in the investigations of elastic gridshells.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Hao Huang, Zitong Guo, Zhongde Shan, Zheng Sun, Jianhua Liu, Dong Wang, Wang Wang, Jiale Liu, Chenchen Tan
Summary: The conventional evaluation of 3D braided composites' mechanical properties through numerical and experimental methodologies hinders material application due to the expenses, time constraints, and laborious efforts involved. This study establishes a multi-scale finite element model and a surrogate model for predicting the elastic properties of 3D4D rotary braided composites with voids. By optimizing a neural network model, the results are validated and provide valuable insights into the microstructure and properties of these composites.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Xinyu Li, Hao Zhang, Haiyang Yang, Junrong Luo, Zhongmin Xiao, Hongshuai Lei
Summary: Due to their excellent mechanical properties and design flexibility, fluted-core composite sandwich structures have gained significant attention in aerospace and rail transit applications. This study investigated the free-vibration characteristics and optimized design of composite fluted-core sandwich cylinders through theoretical models and experimental tests.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Chao Li, Chunzheng Duan, Xiaodong Tian, Chao Wang
Summary: A mechanistic model considering the bottom edge cutting effect and the anisotropic characteristics of the material is proposed in this paper to accurately predict cutting forces. The model was validated through a series of milling experiments and can be used to predict the cutting force of various parts of the cutter and any feed direction.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Camila Sanches Schimidt, Leopoldo Pisanelli Rodrigues de Oliveira, Carlos De Marqui Jr
Summary: This work investigates the vibro-acoustic performance of graded piezoelectric metamaterial plates. The study shows that piezoelectric metamaterial plates with reconfigurable properties can provide enhanced vibration and sound power attenuation.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Jun Ke, Li-jie Liu, Zhen-yu Wu, Zhong-ping Le, Luo Bao, Dong-wei Luo
Summary: Compared with other green natural fibers, ramie has higher mechanical properties and lower cost. In this study, ramie and glass fiber are made into composite circular tubes. The results show that the hybrid circular tube with ramie and glass fiber has improved torsional mechanical properties and reduced weight and cost. The failure mechanisms are affected by the loading direction and the content of each fiber.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Natalia Pingaro, Gabriele Milani
Summary: This paper proposes an enhanced analytical model for predicting the behavior of FRCM samples tested under standard tensile tests. The model takes into account the interaction between fibers and matrix through the interface, and assumes different material properties at different phases. By solving a second order linear differential equation, an analytical solution can be obtained. The model is validated with experimental data and shows good predictability.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Jialiang Fan, Anastasios P. Vassilopoulos, Veronique Michaud
Summary: This article investigates the effects of voids, joint geometry, and test conditions on the fracture performance of thick adhesive Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) joints. It concludes that grooved DCB joints with low void content tested at low displacement rates showed stable crack propagation without significant crack path deviation.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Auwalu I. Mohammed, Kaarthikeyan Raghupathy, Osvaldo De Victoria Garcia Baltazar, Lawson Onokpasah, Roger Carvalho, Anders Mogensen, Farzaneh Hassani, James Njuguna
Summary: This study investigates the performance of composite pressure vessels under damaged and undamaged conditions, providing insights into their reliability and residual strength capabilities. The results demonstrate that the damage profile and its effect on compressive strength are similar between damaged and non-damaged cylinders. When subjected to quasi-static compression, the polyethylene liner absorbs enough elastic strain energy to recover without plastic deformation. Additionally, quasi-static compression has little to no influence on the axial strength of the cylinders. The damage characterization reveals fiber breakage, delamination, local buckling, and brooming failure. This study has direct implications for the safety design tolerances, manufacturing strategies, and operational failure conditions of composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs).
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Muhammad Irfan Shirazi, Samir Khatir, Djilali Boutchicha, Magd Abdel Wahab
Summary: Structural health monitoring is important to ensure the safety of components and structures. This study proposes a method using finite element models and 1D-CNN network to extract and classify vibration responses for crack detection. The results show that the proposed approach is effective in real-time damage detection.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Maryam Mirsalehi, Kiarash Kianpour, Sharif Shahbeyk, Mohammad Bakhshi
Summary: This study comprehensively investigates the one-way response of 3D-woven sandwich panels (3DWSPs) and their interfering parameters, providing interpretation of elastic and failure results, failure maps, and reliable theoretical models for linear elastic response and observed failure mechanisms.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Yiming Zhao, Zhonggang Wang, Zhigang Yang, Bin Qin
Summary: The paper proposes a Ritz and statistical energy analysis (Ritz SEA) hybrid method for calculating rectangular plate acoustic vibration coupling in the mid-frequency range. This method combines the fast convergence and ability to handle arbitrary boundary conditions of the Ritz method with the power flow equation of the statistical energy analysis method. The results show that this approach effectively filters out random fluctuations in mid-frequency domains while demonstrating exceptional stability and precision.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Joao Henrique Fonseca, Woojung Jang, Dosuck Han, Naksoo Kim, Hyungyil Lee
Summary: This study addresses the enhancement of an injection-molded fiber-reinforced plastic / metal hybrid automotive structure and its plastic injection molding process through the integration of the finite element method, artificial intelligence, and evolutionary search methods. Experimental validation of finite element models, the generation of a database through orthogonal array and Latin hypercube methods, and the training of artificial neural networks are conducted. The genetic optimization algorithm is then applied to identify optimal process parameters. The results show significant reduction in product warpage and manufacturing time while maintaining structural strength, contributing to the advancement of composite automotive structures with superior quality.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Alessandro Vescovini, Carina Xiaochen Li, Javier Paz Mendez, Bo Cheng Jin, Andrea Manes, Chiara Bisagni
Summary: This paper presents a study on six single-stringer specimens manufactured using the card-sliding technique with non-crimp fabrics and adopting a Double-Double (DD) stacking sequence. The specimens were tested under compression loading conditions to investigate post-buckling and failure in aerospace structures. Experimental results and numerical simulations were compared to analyze the behavior and failure modes of the specimens. The study found promising evidence of a viable solution to optimize aeronautical structures and enhance resistance to skin-stringer separation, particularly with the use of tapered flanges.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
