Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 289, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133147
Keywords
Heavy metals; Rheumatoid arthritis; Joint exposure; NHANES
Categories
Funding
- National Key Research and Development Project, China [2018YFC1604000]
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This study examined the associations between heavy metals exposure and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) among nearly 50,000 U.S. adults. The results indicated that exposure to heavy metals, particularly cadmium and lead, was positively correlated with the risk of RA, especially in the young and middle-aged population.
Heavy metals exposure has been widely recognized as a risk factor for human health. However, limited information is available about the impacts of heavy metals on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Herein, we estimated the associations of 3 blood and 11 urinary metals with the risk of RA among 49830 U.S. adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2018. In the single-exposure model, blood cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), urinary Cd, Pb, antimony (Sb), tungsten (Tu), and uranium (Ur) were identified to be positively associated with RA risk. Furthermore, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, quantile-based g computation (qgcomp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) analyses consistently showed that both blood and urinary metals-mixed exposure were positively correlated with the risk of RA, and highlighted that Cd and Pb were responsible for the outcomes. Such associations were more evident in the young and middle-aged population. These findings indicated that exposure to heavy metals increased RA risk, and advanced the identification of risk factors for RA.
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