Article
Thermodynamics
Guicai Liu, Haiming Wang, Severin Deplazes, Andrei Veksha, Christian Wirz-Toendury, Apostolos Giannis, Teik Thye Lim, Grzegorz Lisak
Summary: The study investigated the simultaneous high-temperature HCl removal and syngas combustion over barium-decorated oxygen carriers. Coating iron ore with Ba and Al compounds enhanced combustion efficiency and enabled sorbent regeneration through treatment with a mixture of CO2 and H2O. The findings demonstrate the potential of using Ba-Al-decorated iron ore as a bifunctional material in CLC processes.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2021)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Dunyu Liu, Chaoran Wang, Yunpei Fan, Qiuqi Liu, Xudong Wang, Kailong Xu, Jing Jin, Jingjing Ma, Jinchen Ma
Summary: Chemical looping combustion (CLC) of coal for carbon capture utilization and storage is an effective technology to reduce carbon emission. However, there is uncertainty in mercury emission from both air and fuel reactor. This paper aims to reveal the mechanisms for the transformation of mercury-related species.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Richard A. Newby, Dale L. Keairns, Robert W. Stevens
Summary: The objective of this study was to estimate the cost of commercial production of oxygen carriers (OCs) for large-scale application in the chemical looping combustion (CLC) power generation industry. Two production facility scenarios were considered, and two OC production techniques were addressed. The estimated OC product costs can be used to guide development and determine the maximum OC makeup rate for achieving a designated cost-of-electricity (COE) reduction goal.
Article
Energy & Fuels
M. de las Obras Loscertales, A. Cabello, A. Abad, L. F. de Diego
Summary: L-CLCTM is a novel process that combines combustion and desulfurization with CO2 capture. Experimental tests show that high combustion efficiencies can be achieved at moderate temperatures, and a Ca/S molar ratio of 2.25 can result in suitable sulfur retention values.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Giovanny S. de Oliveira, Ciro E. S. Lobo, Carlos E. A. Padilha, Domingos F. S. Souza, Juan A. C. Ruiz
Summary: Brazil aims to reduce its CO2 emissions by utilizing glycerin in Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC). The study evaluates the feasibility of using glycerin in CLC and finds that the addition of ethanol improves combustion efficiency, while the addition of methanol reduces efficiency.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhong Ma, Guofu Liu, Hui Zhang, Shuai Zhang, Yonggang Lu
Summary: This study investigated two pyrite cinder samples as oxygen carriers, and found that Pc-2 sample exhibited excellent redox performance and anti-sintering ability, making it a potential oxygen carrier. Additionally, it was observed that Pc-1 sample was prone to deactivation and surface sintering in multiple cycle experiments.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Pietro Bartocci, Alberto Abad, Arturo Cabello Flores, Margarita de las Obras Loscertales
Summary: To address the scale-up challenges of Chemical Looping Processes, the development of efficient and affordable oxygen carriers is crucial. Ilmenite, an ore-derived oxygen carrier, has been identified as an abundant and low-cost option. This paper provides insights into its preparation, reactivity, and performance compared to other carriers, along with its thermodynamic properties and kinetics. The paper also explores its compatibility with various fuels (solid, liquid, gaseous, including biofuels) and discusses important considerations such as cost, environmental sustainability, oxygen transport capacity, as well as issues related to fluidized bed reactors, such as agglomeration and attrition behavior. Furthermore, the paper investigates the interaction between ilmenite and fuels, including the impact of impurities and coke deposition on the gasification rate of solid fuels.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Guicai Liu, Haiming Wang, Andrei Veksha, Apostolos Giannis, Teik Thye Lim, Grzegorz Lisak
Summary: The study on high temperature purification of HCl-containing syngas using chemical looping combustion-adsorption (CLCA) technology revealed that Ba and Sr-coated iron ore exhibited outstanding dechlorination performance, while Ca-coated IO showed lower HCl removal ability. Selecting high temperature and H2O as the regenerating gas were crucial for achieving stable and efficient regeneration performance during the sorbent regeneration stage.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Haodong Huang, Jinchen Ma, Haibo Zhao, Chuguang Zheng
Summary: This work investigates the behavior of coal-derived chlorine in chemical looping combustion (CLC) and the potential adverse impacts of primary gaseous chlorine (HCl) on a Cu-based oxygen carrier (OC). The inactivation mechanism of the sol-gel-derived CuO/Al2O3 OC is studied. It is found that HCl is the main gaseous chlorine in coal CLC and shows high reactivity towards CuO. The presence of HCl can result in corrosion and degradation of the OC.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xue Liu, Lunbo Duan, Zhihao Zhou, Minmin Zhou
Summary: Rotary kiln incineration technology is an important method for achieving the harmless, reduced, and resourceful disposal of solid waste. Introducing oxygen carrier (OC) in the rotary kiln significantly improves the conversion rate of solid waste and reduces CO emissions. However, the impact of OC on the emissions of NO, SO2, and HCl is still unknown. This research investigates the effects of OCs on the emission characteristics of NO, SO2, and HCl by adding natural manganese and ilmenite ores as OCs in a continuous-feeding rotary kiln during the combustion of biomass and hazardous waste. The study reveals that introducing OCs improves oxygen distribution and promotes the conversion of fuel nitrogen to NO, while also affecting the emissions of SO2 and HCl.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Li Yang, Dan Zhu, Xin Wu, Chen Song, Caifu Li, Fang Liu, Zhengchang Song
Summary: Chemical looping combustion relies on high performance oxygen carriers (OCs). Iron-based OCs have excellent overall properties, but the disadvantage of low reduction reactivity limits their application prospects. Clarification of oxygen transfer pathways and bulk phase properties is essential to improve oxygen transfer rates and increase the reactivity of OCs.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Feng Liu, Jing Liu, Yu Li, Ruixue Fang, Yingju Yang
Summary: The study found that spinel NiFe2O4 can be directly reduced into Ni-Fe alloy in CO atmosphere, with a reaction rate two times faster than Fe2O3. Factors such as reaction temperature, CO concentration, and heating rate can enhance the reactivity of NiFe2O4. The reactivity of lattice oxygen in NiFe2O4 is primarily influenced by the coordination environment of oxygen formed by different Ni/Fe atoms.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ranjani Siriwardane, Jarrett Riley, William Benincosa, Samuel Bayham, Michael Bobek, Douglas Straub, Justin Weber
Summary: The Copper-Ferri-Manganese-Aluminate spinel oxygen carrier developed at NETL has shown promising results for chemical looping combustion with methane, with high attrition resistance and oxygen transfer capacity. The carrier prepared at a commercial manufacturing facility displayed similar performance to lab scale preparations, demonstrating satisfactory methane conversion and high particle durability during testing.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Doyeon Lee, Hyungseok Nam, Hana Kim, Byungwook Hwang, Jeom-In Baek, Ho-Jung Ryu
Summary: The optimal oxygen carrier for pressurized CLC, N016-R4, was identified through experimental screening, showing high CO2 selectivity and low solid circulation rate.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Viktor Andersson, Amir H. Soleimanisalim, Xiangrui Kong, Henrik Leion, Tobias Mattisson, Jan B. C. Pettersson
Summary: The study investigates the interactions between alkali and an oxygen carrier in Chemical-Looping Combustion (CLC) to better understand the fate of alkali in the process. Results show that alkali uptake is limited under oxidizing conditions but significant during stable reducing conditions.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ya Zhao, Guicai Liu, Jijiang Huang, Andrei Veksha, Xinyi Wu, Apostolos Giannis, Teik Thye Lim, Grzegorz Lisak
Summary: A highly-active sorbent based on alumina has been synthesized for simultaneous removal of alkali metals and HCl from syngas. The sorbent showed the highest removal efficiency compared to other sorbents. Physical sorption governed the removal of alkali metals, while chemical sorption governed the removal of HCl. The physicochemical adsorption interactions between the sorbent and alkali metals and HCl contributed to their simultaneous removal.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Arvin Liangdy, Wen Jie Lee, Panyawut Tonanon, Richard David Webster, Shane Allen Snyder, Teik-Thye Lim
Summary: A catalytic ceramic membrane (CCM) impregnated with Co-Mn-oxide via citrate sol-gel method was used to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and degrade sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The Co-Mn bimetallic oxides exhibited higher catalytic activity compared to their single oxides due to the synergistic effect between the two cations. Optimal performance of the CCM/PMS process was achieved by controlling catalyst loading, oxidant dosage, and pollutant concentration.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Guicai Liu, Ya Zhao, Stephan Heberlein, Andrei Veksha, Apostolos Giannis, Wei Ping Chan, Teik Thye Lim, Grzegorz Lisak
Summary: This study compared the co-production of H-2 and power from biomass sorption enhanced gasification and sorption enhanced chemical looping gasification under autothermal conditions. The results showed that sorption enhanced chemical looping gasification achieved higher energy efficiency than sorption enhanced gasification.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Guicai Liu, Chia Chyi Chang, Ya Zhao, Andrei Veksha, Apostolos Giannis, Teik Thye Lim, Grzegorz Lisak
Summary: The influence of alkali earth metals (AEMs) doping on CuO/Al2O3 oxygen carrier in chemical looping combustion (CLC) was investigated. The doping of AEMs enhanced the performance and stability of the oxygen carrier, and deferred the agglomeration. The improved performance was attributed to the enhanced redox kinetics and the migration of AEM species during the synthesis process.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lek Hong Lim, Preston Tan, Wei Ping Chan, Andrei Veksha, Teik-Thye Lim, Grzegorz Lisak, Wen Liu
Summary: Waste-to-Energy through MSW incineration is an effective waste management strategy, but it releases CO2 and produces ash. This study explores the use of ash-derived sorbents for CO2 capture. The analysis shows that the addition of certain fuels increases the cost of electricity, but also reduces CO2 emissions. Optimizing energy-intensive processes and policy support are important for further improvement and adoption of negative emission technologies.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Guicai Liu, Grzegorz Lisak
Summary: This study proposes a new concept of converting plastic waste into high-value products and utilizing CO2 through fast pyrolysis integrated with volatile chemical looping CO2 splitting. Three conversion modes were evaluated, and it was found that the cracking mode with Ni/Al2O3 or Ni/MgAl2O4 catalyst exhibited better performance in fuel conversion and syngas separation. The cracking mode's efficiency increased with higher temperature, but the interaction between Ni and the support limited the full separation of syngas.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Satya Brat Tiwari, Thomas J. N. Hooper, Andrei Veksha, Wei Ping Chan, Xunchang Fei, Wen Liu, Grzegorz Lisak, Teik-Thye Lim
Summary: This study investigated the leaching of phosphorus from sewage sludge (SS) using alkaline treatment, with the addition of alum sludge (AS) and acidic pretreatment. The results showed that the addition of AS improved the recovery efficiency of phosphorus during alkaline leaching, and acidic pretreatment prevented the loss of inorganic phosphorus. This method can be applied globally to improve phosphorus leaching efficiency from SS and achieve dual waste management.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Chat How Joewin Koh Yang, Guicai Liu, Wei Ping Chan, Ya Zhao, Mei Ping Vernette Chin, Wen Liu, Teik Thye Lim, Grzegorz Lisak
Summary: The utilization of ferric sludge as an oxygen carrier (OC) for chemical looping combustion (CLC) of municipal solid waste (MSW) syngas was explored. The performance of ferric sludge in CLC and simultaneous HCl removal was evaluated and compared with iron ore as a benchmarked OC. The results showed that ferric sludge performed better than iron ore in terms of syngas combustion efficiency and HCl removal. Temperature comparison revealed that ferric sludge performed better at lower CLC temperature. Agglomeration was observed when ferric sludge was used in extended CLC cycles, but it was reduced when inert alpha-Al2O3 support was used.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Arvin Liangdy, Wen Jie Lee, Yueping Bao, Wen-Da Oh, Teik-Thye Lim
Summary: The hybrid catalytic oxidation and membrane filtration process is becoming a popular research topic for removing micropollutants in water. This review focuses on the use of metal oxide-functionalized catalytic ceramic membranes (CCMs) in sulfate radical-based hybrid processes. The fabrication methods of MeOx-CCMs and various characterization techniques are discussed. The importance of intrinsic catalytic and membrane properties in the hybrid process is emphasized, as well as the challenges in real water remediation.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Guicai Liu, Grzegorz Lisak
Summary: This review summarizes the basic properties and opportunities of Cu-based OCs in various chemical looping processes. It covers the applications of Cu-based OCs in chemical looping combustion (CLC), chemical looping oxygen uncoupling (CLOU), chemical looping air separation (CLAS), chemical looping for syngas/H2 production, integrated CaO/CuO looping process, and thermochemical energy storage (TCES). The review also discusses the technical challenges and current strategies related to agglomeration, attrition, and ash accumulation. It provides insights and guidance for the design and development of Cu-based OCs and their applications in chemical looping processes.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Boon Chong Ong, Zhong Chen, Teik-Thye Lim, ZhiLi Dong
Summary: In this study, an effective hole scavenger layer of polyoxometalates (POMs) with excellent redox properties and high durability is coated on titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorods to enhance the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation activity. The Co-POMs layers on TiO2 can effectively retard the recombination of photoinduced electron-hole pairs by extracting and transporting the generated holes, resulting in improved overall PEC performance under neutral conditions. This work provides a facile and promising method for promoting PEC water oxidation by depositing Co-POMs layers on TiO2 nanorods.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wanyi Huang, Yixing Yuan, Dan Zhong, Peng Zhang, Arvin Liangdy, Teik-Thye Lim, Wencheng Ma, Yuan Yuan
Summary: We compared the elimination of 5-bromosalicylic acid (BSA) in goethite (alpha-FeOOH)/H2O2 and lepidocrocite (gamma-FeOOH)/H2O2 systems. BSA could be adsorbed on alpha- and gamma-FeOOH and effectively degraded after the addition of H2O2. The systems showed differences in adsorption kinetics and degradation mechanisms, with gamma-FeOOH having greater adsorption ability and alpha-FeOOH performing better in catalyzing the decomposition of H2O2.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Amadu T. Bah, Ziyi Shen, Junna Yan, Feihu Li, Teik Thye Lim
Summary: By combining batch adsorption enrichment with struvite crystallization, we prepared ternary layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with P-preferring elements and evaluated their performance in recovering P from water. The LDHs demonstrated high P adsorption capacities and the recycling tests showed good enrichment for P. Moreover, more than 96% of phosphorus in the P-enriched eluates can be efficiently reclaimed via struvite crystallization. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of combining adsorption enrichment with struvite crystallization for P recovery.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xinping Zhang, Yuxin Guo, Xiaoyang Liu, Shun-Yu Wu, Ya-Xuan Zhu, Shao-Zhe Wang, Qiu-Yi Duan, Ke-Fei Xu, Zi-Heng Li, Xiao-Yu Zhu, Guang-Yu Pan, Fu-Gen Wu
Summary: This study develops a nanotrigger HCFT for simultaneous photodynamic therapy and light-triggered ferroptosis therapy. The nanotrigger can relieve tumor hypoxia, induce enhanced photodynamic reaction, and facilitate the continuation of Fenton reaction, ultimately leading to lethal ferroptosis in tumor cells.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Olumide Bolarinwa Ayodele, Toyin Daniel Shittu, Olayinka S. Togunwa, Dan Yu, Zhen-Yu Tian
Summary: This study focused on the semihydrogenation of acetylene in an ethylene-rich stream using two alloyed Pt catalysts PtCu and PtCo. The PtCu catalyst showed higher activity and ethylene yield compared to PtCo due to its higher unoccupied Pt d-orbital density. This indicates that alloying Pt with Cu is more promising for industrial relevant SHA catalyst.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Guowei Chen, Wen-Cheng Chen, Yaozu Su, Ruicheng Wang, Jia-Ming Jin, Hui Liang, Bingxue Tan, Dehua Hu, Shaomin Ji, Hao-Li Zhang, Yanping Huo, Yuguang Ma
Summary: This study proposes an intramolecular dual-locking design for organic luminescent materials, achieving high luminescence efficiency and performance for deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes. The material also exhibits unique mechanochromic luminescence behavior and strong fatigue resistance.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Joren van Stee, Gregory Hermans, Jinu Joseph John, Koen Binnemans, Tom Van Gerven
Summary: This work presents a continuous solvent extraction method for the separation of cobalt and nickel in a millifluidic system using Cyphos IL 101 (C101) as the extractant. The optimal conditions for extraction performance and solvent properties were determined by investigating the effects of channel length, flow rate, and temperature. The performance of a developed manifold structure was compared to a single-channel system, and excellent separation results were achieved. The continuous separation process using the manifold structure resulted in high purity cobalt and nickel products.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yan Xu, Jingai Jiang, Xinyi Lv, Hui Li, Dongliang Yang, Wenjun Wang, Yanling Hu, Longcai Liu, Xiaochen Dong, Yu Cai
Summary: A programmed gas release nanoparticle was developed to address the challenges in treating diabetic infected wounds. It effectively removes drug-resistant pathogens and remodels the wound microenvironment using NO and H2S. The nanoparticle can eliminate bacteria and promote wound healing through antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Tong Xia, Zhilin Xi, Lianquan Suo, Chen Wang
Summary: This study investigated a highly efficient coal dust suppressant with low initial viscosity and high adhesion-solidification properties. The results demonstrated that the dust suppressant formed a network of multiple hydrogen bonding cross-linking and achieved effective adhesion and solidification of coal dust through various chemical reactions.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jinzhi Cai, Zhenshan Li
Summary: A density functional theory-based rate equation was developed to predict the gas-solid reaction kinetics of CaO carbonation with CO2 in calcium looping. The negative activation energy of CaO carbonation close to equilibrium was accurately predicted through experimental validation.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jianxiong Chen, Fuhao Ren, Ningning Yin, Jie Mao
Summary: This study presents an economically efficient and easily implementable surface modification approach to enhance the high-temperature electrical insulation and energy storage performance of polymer dielectrics. The self-assembly of high-insulation-performance boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) on the film surface through electrostatic interactions effectively impedes charge injection from electrodes while promoting charge dissipation and heat transfer.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zijian Li, Zhaohui Yang, Shao Wang, Hongxia Luo, Zhimin Xue, Zhenghui Liu, Tiancheng Mu
Summary: This study reports a strategy for upgrading polyester plastics into value-added chemicals using electrocatalytic methods. By inducing the targeted transfer of *OH species, polyethylene terephthalate was successfully upgraded into potassium diformate with high purity. This work not only develops an excellent electrocatalyst, but also provides guidance for the design of medium entropy metal oxides.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Navneet Singh Shekhawat, Surendra Kumar Patra, Ashok Kumar Patra, Bamaprasad Bag
Summary: This study primarily focuses on developing a sulphur dyeing process at room temperature using bacterial Lysate, which is environmentally friendly, energy and cost effective, and sustainable. The process shows promising improvements in dye uptake and fastness properties.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dengjia Shen, Hongyang Ma, Madani Khan, Benjamin S. Hsiao
Summary: This study developed cationic PVC nanofibrous membranes with high filtration and adsorption capability for the removal of bacteria and hexavalent chromium ions from wastewater. The membranes demonstrated remarkable performance in terms of filtration efficiency and maximum adsorption capacity. Additionally, modified nanofibrous membranes were produced using recycled materials and showed excellent retention rates in dynamic adsorption processes.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiaoyan Wang, Zhikun Wang, Ben Jia, Chunling Li, Shuangqing Sun, Songqing Hu
Summary: Inspired by photosystem II, self-supported Fe-doped NiCoP nanowire arrays modified with carboxylate were constructed to boost industrial-level overall water splitting by employing the concerted proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism. The introduction of Fe and carboxyl ligand led to improved catalytic activity for HER and OER, and NCFCP@NF exhibited long-term durability for overall water splitting.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Pengyao Yu, Ge Yang, Yongming Chai, Lubomira Tosheva, Chunzheng Wang, Heqing Jiang, Chenguang Liu, Hailing Guo
Summary: Thin LTA zeolite membranes were prepared through secondary growth of nano LTA seeds in a highly reactive gel, resulting in membranes with superior permeability and selectivity in gas separation applications.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Baiqin Zhou, Huiping Li, Ziyu Wang, Hui Huang, Yujun Wang, Ruichun Yang, Ranran Huo, Xiaoyan Xu, Ting Zhou, Xiaochen Dong
Summary: The use of machine learning to predict the performance of specific adsorbents in phosphate adsorption shows great promise in saving time and revealing underlying mechanisms. However, the small size of the dataset and insufficient detailed information limits the model training process and the accuracy of results. To address this, the study employs a fuzzing strategy that replaces detailed numeric information with descriptive text messages on the physiochemical properties of adsorbents. This strategy allows the recovery of discarded samples with limited information, leading to accurate prediction of adsorption amount, capacity, and kinetics. The study also finds that phosphate uptake by adsorbents is generally through physisorption, with some involvement of chemisorption. The framework established in this study provides a practical approach for quickly predicting phosphate adsorption performance in urgent scenarios, using easily accessible information.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Paula Alejandra Lamprea Pineda, Joren Bruneel, Kristof Demeestere, Lisa Deraedt, Tex Goetschalckx, Herman Van Langenhove, Christophe Walgraeve
Summary: This study evaluates the use of four esterified fatty acids and three vegetable oils as absorption liquids for hydrophobic VOCs. The experimental results show that isopropyl myristate is the most efficient liquid for absorbing the target VOCs.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
