Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jeong-Cheol Seo, Eunkyung Cho, Jeongmin Kim, Seung Bo Kim, Jae-Rang Youn, Dong Hyun Kim, Praveen Kumar Ramasamy, Kyubock Lee, Chang Hyun Ko
Summary: Doping strontium in nickel-supported alumina catalysts significantly enhances coke resistance, while doping with different basic metals like magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and lanthanum improves the thermal stability of the catalysts for maintaining long-term reaction stability.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Chao Li, Lei Zhang, Yuannian Li, Baihong Li, Mengjiao Fan, Lijun Zhang, Shu Zhang, Bin Li, Shuang Wang, Xun Hu
Summary: Cellulose and hemicellulose in woody biomass can produce anhydrate sugars or sugar-like organics during pyrolysis. The addition of xylose, a model sugar from hemicellulose, during the pyrolysis of poplar sawdust increased the cracking reactions and led to more gaseous products but less biochar and bio-oil. Xylose intermediates enhanced the aromatization of volatiles, resulting in more light phenolics and precipitation of heavy organics on the surface of biochar. Xylose addition also improved the carbonization, deoxygenation, and dehydrogenation reactions, making the biochar carbon-rich with increased heating value, crystallinity, hydrophobicity, and thermal stability.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yanwei Zhao, Shenfu Yuan, Jin Deng, Chun Li, Youneng Feng, Xiaoguang Xie, Na Li
Summary: This study investigated the changes in carbon deposition behavior during biomass pyrolysis volatile fraction reforming process with different catalysts. The experimental results showed that temperature and catalyst type had an impact on product distribution and carbon deposition. Addition of catalysts reduced the formation of heavy oil and increased synthesis gas yield.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Monica Carnevale, Leonardo Longo, Francesco Gallucci, Enrico Santangelo
Summary: The thermal degradation of renewable biomass into carbon-rich byproducts is proposed as a method to combat soil degradation and mitigate climate change. The study on pyrogasification of giant reed biomass showed that different airflow rates and collection times can affect the biochar yield and composition. Winter-collected Arundo biomass may produce biochar with higher aromaticity, hydrophilicity, and polarity compared to summer-collected biomass.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Ranarup Kundu, Bella Kunnoth, Sridhar Pilli, Venkateswara Rao Polisetty, R. D. Tyagi
Summary: In recent years, anaerobic digestion (AD) has become popular for generating clean energy and managing organic waste. The accumulation of ammonia, acids, and nutrients in the reactor compromises its effectiveness. Biochar (BC) has gained interest in biogas production due to its adaptability. Adding BC to the AD process can mitigate toxic inhibition, reduce methanogenic lag phase, immobilize functional bacteria, and enhance electron transfer. However, more comprehensive knowledge is needed regarding the multifaceted function of BC and its mechanisms in biogas generation in AD.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Meijun Wang, Qian Wang, Ting Li, Jiao Kong, Yanfeng Shen, Liping Chang, Wei Xie, Weiren Bao
Summary: Steam-activated carbon materials have a greater impact on cracking coal pyrolysis volatiles, resulting in increased tar pitch cracking and phenols content, though it also leads to more coke deposits.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Shasha Liu, Gang Wu, Yi Gao, Bin Li, Yu Feng, Jianbin Zhou, Xun Hu, Yong Huang, Shu Zhang, Hong Zhang
Summary: The study showed that catalytic reaction with activated char could increase the relative content of phenolic substances in bio-oil and create more active sites. At higher temperatures, the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in bio-oil increased while oxygen-containing compounds (such as ketones, acids, aldehydes) decreased.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Alexandra J. Frainetti, Naomi B. Klinghoffer
Summary: Biomass gasification to form syngas is a promising renewable energy production process. This review discusses the use of biochar as a catalyst to improve the generation of tars during the gasification process. It provides detailed information on the characteristics and catalytic function of biochar, and recommends further areas for research.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jinlong Du, Tianhao Shen, Jianhang Hu, Fengxia Zhang, Shiliang Yang, Huili Liu, Hua Wang
Summary: This study investigates the fast catalytic pyrolysis of rubber seed oil over a CO2-activated biochar catalyst, producing high-value products. Extending the activation time of the catalyst improves the catalytic performance by increasing the specific surface area and oxygen active sites. The biochar catalysts increase syngas yield, facilitate the conversion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and inhibit coke generation.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yanjie Wang, Liang Huang, Tianyu Zhang, Qiang Wang
Summary: This study investigates the use of residual biochar-based catalyst in catalytic reforming process after biomass pyrolysis. The results show that biochar has abundant pore structure and catalytic activity, which is favorable for bio-oil reforming. The addition of Ni to biochar enables it to act as a support, reducing NiO to active Ni and protecting Ni from oxidation. It is found that 10wt% Ni/Char catalyst at 650 degrees C yields the optimal syngas production of 34.321 mmol per 1 g biomass. The addition of water significantly increases syngas production due to the thorough utilization of biological carbon.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dilipkumar Akhil, Divya Lakshmi, Ashokkumar Kartik, Dai-Viet N. Vo, Jayaseelan Arun, Kannappan Panachamoorthy Gopinath
Summary: Engineering modifications improve the adsorption capacity, surface area, and chemical attributes of biochar, enhancing the efficiency of contaminant removal. Engineered biochar displays high adsorption capabilities and stability, making it suitable for contaminant recovery from water systems.
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
M. J. Cao, S. D. Li, L. F. Nie, Y. F. Chen
Summary: This article summarizes the research progress of graphene preparation by methane cracking, highlighting three approaches and emphasizing the growth mechanism of graphene.
MATERIALS TODAY SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Muhammad Zubair Yameen, Hamad AlMohamadi, Salman Raza Naqvi, Tayyaba Noor, Wei-Hsin Chen, Nor Aishah Saidina Amin
Summary: Marine macroalgae-derived biochar is a viable heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel synthesis due to its diverse functional groups and high porosity. This article provides a critical assessment of its production, physicochemical characteristics, and activation techniques for biodiesel production.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jishi Zhang, Mengchen Yang, Wenqian Zhao, Junchu Zhang, Lihua Zang
Summary: The study demonstrates that nitrogen-doped biochar (NDBC) can enhance biohydrogen production by promoting electron transfer with its significantly higher electrical conductivity compared to regular biochar, and by enriching dominant bacterial communities.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Gihoon Kwon, Dong-Wan Cho, Eilhann E. Kwon, Jorg Rinklebe, Hailong Wang, Hocheol Song
Summary: In this study, Fe-impregnated bentonite was used as a catalyst in the pyrolysis of grass cut to improve the production of syngas, the quality of bio-oil, and the sorptive property of biochar. The addition of Fe-impregnated bentonite significantly increased the production of H2 and CO, resulting in more homogeneous chemical species and higher sorption capacity in the produced bio-oil and biochar, respectively.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhen Huang, Anqing Zheng, Zhengbing Deng, Guoqiang Wei, Kun Zhao, Dezhen Chen, Fang He, Zengli Zhao, Haibin Li, Fanxing Li
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhenfei Mei, Dezhen Chen, Jixuan Zhang, Lijie Yin, Zhen Huang, Qianfan Xin
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xia Yue, Dezhen Chen, Jia Luo, Qianfan Xin, Zhen Huang
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jia Luo, Dezhen Chen, Xia Yue, Yuheng Feng, Zhen Huang
Summary: A Ni/MSWC catalyst was prepared for syngas methanation, showing high activity but needing further improvement in stability. Carbon deposition and structure collapse were found to be the main factors affecting stability.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qing An, Dezhen Chen, Hui Chen, Xia Yue, Lei Wang
Summary: This study investigates the use of non-thermal plasma (NTP) modified hydro chars to promote the degradation of pyrolysis oil and increase biogas production. The NTP modification effectively increases the surface area and pore volume of the hydro chars. The addition of the NTP modified hydro chars leads to complete degradation of benzene series in the pyrolysis oil and changes in the microbial community, resulting in higher methane yield.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuzhen Tang, Dezhen Chen, Yuheng Feng, Yuyan Hu, Lijie Yin, Kezhen Qian, Guoan Yuan, Ruina Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the reformation of MSW pyrolysis volatiles using IFA, and the migration characteristics of HMs and Cl. Results show that the reformed pyrolysis oil has decreased O -and Cl-containing compounds, increased light hydrocarbons and calorific value, and produced more CH4 and H2 gases. The IFA absorbs Cl from volatiles during reforming, reducing HCl in the gas product. The toxicity of PCDD/Fs in IFA dramatically decreases with increasing reforming temperature. The used IFA at 800 degrees C has the lowest HMs leaching concentrations, meeting landfill requirements, while the used IFA at 500 degrees C has the maximum carbon deposition, providing an energy source for melting. This study demonstrates the potential for simultaneous disposal of IFA and recovery of high-quality MSW pyrolysis products, reducing the hazardous properties of IFA.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qing An, Dezhen Chen, Yuting Zhu, Yuheng Feng, Yuyan Hu, Hui Chen
Summary: In this study, nitrogen-doped hydro-chars were prepared by plasma modification in an ammonia atmosphere to enhance the effectiveness of the hydro-char for promoting pyrolysis oil (PO) degradation and methane production during co-anaerobic digestion (co-AD). The experimental results showed that all the hydro-chars can reduce the biotoxicity of PO, improve its degradation during co-AD, and increase the methane yield. The nitrogen content, specific surface area, and electron transfer capability were identified as key factors affecting PO degradation and methane yield, with the nitrogen-doped hydro-char modified at 500°C showing the best performance.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Guoan Yuan, Wei Zhou, Rui Yang, Yuru Liu, Jingyu Zhu, Ke Yin, Dezhen Chen
Summary: This study investigates the catalytic removal of acid gas and tar in syngas from municipal solid waste gasification. By studying key parameters and material characteristics, optimized operating conditions were found to enhance syngas purification. The study highlights the importance of catalyst support materials in tar removal.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kezhen Qian, Wenmin Tian, Wentao Li, Shutong Wu, Dezhen Chen, Yuheng Feng
Summary: This study investigated the catalytic performance of carbon produced from industrial organic solid waste using different activation agents in the thermal degradation of typical polymers. The results showed that the activation agents and active sites of the carbon have an impact on the cracking and reaction pathways of plastics.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhenfei Mei, Dezhen Chen, Guoan Yuan, Ruina Zhang
Summary: The study shows that municipal solid waste-derived biochar can serve as a catalyst support for low-cost syngas methanation. The impact of inorganics in different waste-derived chars on the methanation reaction was investigated. Acid-soluble inorganics significantly improved methanation activity, while water-soluble alkali metal salts were detrimental to the methanation activity of biochar-supported Ni catalysts. A new alkali-carbon index was created to evaluate the effect of inorganics on the methanation activity of char-supported catalysts.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shaoheng Ge, Mudassir Hussain Tahir, Dezhen Chen, Liu Hong, Yuheng Feng, Zhen Huang
Summary: This research explored the contact configuration between high-temperature CO2, volatile compounds, and char from municipal solid waste pyrolysis to obtain high-quality synthesis gas. The results showed that the third contact mode was the most effective, with the highest synthesis gas yield and energy conversion rate, as well as the lowest tar yield.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kezhen Qian, Wenmin Tian, Lijie Yin, Zixu Yang, Feixiang Tian, Dezhen Chen
Summary: The nature and role of Zn species in Zn-promoted HZSM-5 catalyst for catalytic cracking of HDPE thermal decomposing vapor were studied. Hydrogen reduction of Zn/Z5 significantly enhanced the aromatic yield. [ZnOH]+ and bridged Zn2+ species were identified as crucial species promoting BTX formation, with the former showing higher activity. Additionally, the synergy between Zn species and Brunsted acid sites on HZSM-5 increased the aromatic yield. Incorporation of Zn also promoted long-chain scission. Among the Zn/Z5 catalysts, hydrogen reduced 2 wt% Zn/Z5 (SAR=25) exhibited the highest BTX yield (48%) and selectivity (93%), while hydrogen reduced 2 wt% Zn/Z5 (SAR=50) achieved the highest yield of total aromatics (53%).
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jixuan Zhang, Dezhen Chen, Xingchu He, Jinglong He, Liu Hong
Article
Agricultural Engineering
G. Grasa, I. Martinez, R. Murillo
Summary: Gasification kinetics of six chars from residual origin were studied under relatively low temperature, low CO2, and high H2O partial pressures. The Random Pore Model (RPM) showed the best fit to experimental results, but the selection of the reaction model depended on the ash composition, specifically the presence of alkali and alkaline earth metals. Chars with ash content higher than 30% wt. were modeled with the RPM model, while chars with the highest K/Si ratio required modified versions of the RPM to accurately predict reaction rates. Textural properties played a key role in determining reaction parameters, such as the pre-exponential factor and activation energy, for chars with similar ash content and composition.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
V. Godvin Sharmila, Surya Prakash Shanmugavel, J. Rajesh Banu
Summary: Proper treatment and disposal of biomass waste is crucial to prevent environmental deposition and its negative impacts. Biofuel has emerged as a potential alternative to fossil fuels, reducing carbon emissions and meeting global energy demands. This review examines different biomass waste conversion techniques and explores the production of biofuels with zero carbon emissions. Research on anaerobic treatment, metabolic engineering, and artificial intelligence has been conducted to enhance biofuel production efficiency.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Selvakumar Periyasamy, Adane Asefa Adego, P. Senthil Kumar, G. G. Desta, T. Zelalem, V. Karthik, J. Beula Isabel, Mani Jayakumar, Venkatesa Prabhu Sundramurthy, Gayathri Rangasamy
Summary: Valorizing agricultural waste into valuable products is crucial for environmental protection and bioeconomy advancement. Preprocessing of agricultural waste is a critical step to convert free carbohydrate molecules for final conversion, and factors such as biomass nature, feed loading, pH, temperature, and time influence the process. This review provides comprehensive information on agricultural waste availability, preprocessing techniques, and factors influencing performance.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Aqueel Ahmad, Ashok Kumar Yadav, Achhaibar Singh, Dinesh Kumar Singh
Summary: The study focuses on predicting and optimizing the yield of biogas production in an anaerobic digester using co-digestion. Experimental data was used to develop a machine learning-based prognostic model, and the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the parameters. The results demonstrate that RSM coupled with machine learning is an effective technique for modeling, predicting, and optimizing biogas production yield.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yijing Zhong, Wenxiang Zhai, Xinli Wei
Summary: This paper studies the thermal stability and decomposition of cork materials with and without silica aerogel filler. The results show that the decomposition is inhibited and the pyrolysis is significantly reduced with the addition of silica aerogel. This finding suggests that silica aerogel-infused cork may be a promising raw material for biofuel production with reduced environmental pollution.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2024)