Journal
BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS
Volume 24, Issue 1, Pages 281-297Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02644-y
Keywords
Aphanomyces astaci; Invasive crayfish; Environmental DNA; Pathogen monitoring
Categories
Funding
- Lib4RI -Library for the Research Institutes within the ETH Domain: Eawag, Empa, PSI
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich)
- Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN)
- Eawag
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Invasive species can facilitate pathogen spread by carrying and driving disease outbreaks in native populations, presenting challenges in detecting pathogens in carrier populations. Combining monitoring methods may improve detection reliability.
Invasive species can facilitate the spread of pathogens by first providing asymptomatic host reservoirs, and then driving disease outbreaks in native populations through pathogen spillover. An example of this are invasive crayfish species in Europe (Faxonius limosus, Pacifastacus leniusculus, Procambarus clarkii), which carry the deadly plague agent (Aphanomyces astaci). Effective disease management requires comprehensive monitoring, however, pathogen detection in carrier populations with low pathogen prevalence and intensities is challenging. We simultaneously collected and analysed crayfish tissue samples of invasive crayfish populations and water samples to compare A. astaci detection in different sample types using quantitative PCR. Combined, the two sampling methods revealed A. astaci presence with DNA concentrations above limit of detection (LOD; the lowest concentration which can be detected with reasonable certainty) in 13 of 23 invasive crayfish populations. In four additional sites, A. astaci DNA concentrations below LOD were found in water. In four populations only were A. astaci concentrations above LOD detected in both sample types and in three populations in concentrations above LOD in tissue but below LOD in water. The likely reason for these discrepancies is the low A. astaci prevalence and concentration in resistant invasive crayfish, which limit detection reliability. Consistency may be improved by timing surveys with seasonal periods of high A. astaci abundance and by increasing water sampling effort. Considering the ease of collecting eDNA samples, compared to crayfish tissue sampling, eDNA methods would facilitate frequent and comprehensive surveys. However, remaining uncertainties in eDNA-based detection reveal the relevance of combining monitoring tools to improve detection of invasive pathogens and their management.
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