☆ 4.3 Article

Abscisic acid and proline are not equivalent markers for heat, drought and combined stress in grapevines

AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF GRAPE AND WINE RESEARCH (2022)

Journal

AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF GRAPE AND WINE RESEARCH

Volume 28, Issue 1, Pages 119-130

Publisher

WILEY

DOI: 10.1111/ajgw.12523

Keywords

abscisic acid; grapevine; heat and drought stress; NCED; P5CS; proline; Vitis vinifera

Funding

Ministry of Science, Research, and Arts Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany
Specialty Crop Block Grant Program
Projekt DEAL

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Abstract

This study found that proline concentration and P5CS gene expression are good markers for combined stress, while ABA concentration and NCED1 gene expression may serve as suitable markers for drought stress and possibly combined stress as well. NCED2, however, is not suitable as a marker.

Background and Aims Viticulture will be particularly affected by increasing drought and heat waves in the future. It is of interest to find traits that indicate stress before symptoms become apparent. We investigated whether the commonly used traits, proline and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, are suitable markers for heat, drought or combined stress and whether gene expression of key enzymes of ABA biosynthesis is regulated in grapevine leaves under these stress conditions. Methods and Results Plant growth and gas exchange were measured to evaluate plant reactions to increased temperature and water deficit. Proline and ABA concentration in leaf material was measured, respectively, photometrically and with GC/MS. Gene expression analysis of NCED1, NCED2 and P5CS was done by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Drought stress had a stronger effect on growth, gas exchange, proline, and ABA biosynthesis than heat stress. An interaction between heat and drought stress was observed for gas exchange and for proline biosynthesis. Conclusions Proline concentration and gene expression of P5CS are good markers for combined stress. The concentration of ABA is a suitable marker for drought stress and might be a suitable marker for combined stress. Gene expression of NCED1 in leaves was a good marker for drought stress and might be a suitable marker for combined stress, whereas NCED2 was not suitable. Significance of the Study These results provide insight into the response of grapevines to heat, drought and combined stress and show the suitability of ABA and proline as stress markers.

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Global transcriptome and gene co-expression network analyses reveal regulatory and non-additive effects of drought and heat stress in grapevine

Jia W. Tan, Harshraj Shinde, Kiflu Tesfamicael, Yikang Hu, Mario Fruzangohar, Penny Tricker, Ute Baumann, Everard J. Edwards, Carlos Rodriguez M. Lopez

Summary: Through physiological and transcriptome analyses, this study identified genes and pathways associated with grapevine response to drought and/or heat stress. While some genes showed different expression under individual and combined stresses, the majority of genes were unique to the combined stress treatment. The results suggest that the effect of combined stress on physiology and gene expression is more severe than that of individual stresses, but not simply additive.

FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2023)