Article
Physics, Applied
Saawan K. Bag, Rajat K. Sinha, Meher Wan, S. K. Varshney
Summary: This study presents an integrated photonic platform for detecting single nanoparticles, capable of distinguishing between different sizes and quantities of nanoparticles, and has the potential to detect single nanoparticles of infinitesimally small size.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Marcus Tamura, Hugh Morison, Bhavin J. Shastri
Summary: This study investigates the mechanism of self-pulsation in a proposed graphene-on-silicon microring device. The nonlinear effects of two photon absorption, Kerr effect, saturable absorption, free carrier absorption, and dispersion are considered. The electrical tunability of absorption and the Kerr effect in graphene are analyzed. The results show that the microring can switch from a stable rest state to a self-pulsation state by electrically tuning the graphene, indicating a supercritical Hopf bifurcation. The CMOS compatibility of graphene and the opto-electronic mechanism facilitate the integration of this device with other silicon photonic devices.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Hsuan Lai, Tzu-Ning Kuo, Jia-Yi Xu, Shih-Hsiang Hsu, Yi-Cheng Hsu
Summary: In recent years, silicon-on-insulator substrates have been widely used in high-speed and low-power electronic components. The high refractive index contrast of the silicon wire allows for significant reduction in the size of photonic devices. Additionally, the silicon photonic process is compatible with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor fabrication, which benefits the development of high-density optoelectronic integrated circuits. This paper proposes the use of a microring resonator (MRR) as a biosensor on the silicon platform. By optimizing the coupling, MRR length, and optical source bandwidth, the biosensing sensitivity can be enhanced. Experimental results demonstrate a high sensitivity under specific conditions.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yang Ren, Zhiping Jiang, Vien Van
Summary: The study introduces a general variable bandwidth filter based on the microring filter architecture, allowing bandwidth adjustment by tuning microrings' resonant frequencies without additional controls. Within a certain bandwidth tuning range, the filter maintains no extra insertion loss and no degradation in filter shape.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Arieh Grosman, Tal Duanis-Assaf, Noa Mazurski, Roy Zektzer, Christian Frydendahl, Liron Stern, Meital Reches, Uriel Levy
Summary: This paper reports a chip-scale photonic sensor for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. The sensor consists of a silicon-nitride double microring resonator, with one ring activated with DNA primers for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and the other serving as a reference. The sensor demonstrates the ability to detect RNA fragments at a concentration of 10 cp/μL with a sensitivity of 750 nm/RIU. This device shows promise as a label-free, small form factor, CMOS compatible biosensor for SARS-CoV-2, as well as other viruses and pathogens.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Bei Chen, Zhaoyang Zhang, Li'ao Ye, Tingge Dai, Hui Yu, Yuehai Wang, Jianyi Yang
Summary: We presented a silicon-based microring array with embedded Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), consisting of four wavelength channels. Each microring resonator (MRR) embedded with MZI acts as an ON/OFF switch for resonance and provides a wider operating wavelength range. The compact core elements have a footprint of only 180.6 μm x 476.1 μm. The transmission performances of the four wavelength channels remain consistent within a 35.2-nm-wide range, with insertion loss less than 3.05 dB and a rising response time of about 4.8 μs for ON/OFF status transition. This scalable array enables hitless wavelength selection without requiring precise alignment and with minimal on-chip thermal crosstalk, offering another solution for large-scale wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks.
IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Dajian Liu, Long Zhang, Ying Tan, Daoxin Dai
Summary: A silicon photonic filter with an ultra-large free spectral range was proposed and demonstrated using high-order adiabatic elliptical-microrings and bent directional couplers. The filters based on different orders of AEMs achieved a box-like spectral response with an FSR of about 37 nm. An eight-channel silicon photonic filter with a channel-spacing of around 3.2 nm and high extinction ratios of >30 dB was also demonstrated in the study.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Shuhei Ohno, Rui Tang, Kasidit Toprasertpong, Shinichi Takagi, Mitsuru Takenaka
Summary: This article proposes an optical neural network scheme based on Si programmable photonic integrated circuits and presents a fully integrated prototype of a microring resonator crossbar array. This scheme enables on-chip image classification and training tasks, with scalability and power efficiency.
Article
Optics
Yameng Xu, Chenyang Fu, Shibo Sun, Mei Kong
Summary: This study demonstrates a wide-range refractive index sensing using a dispersive sub-wavelength grating microring resonator. By monitoring the drift of its envelope spectrum, the detectable range of the refractive index sensing can be effectively broadened while maintaining high sensitivity.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Optics
Qi He, Senmiao Han, Weicheng Chen, Haofeng Hu, Tiegen Liu, Zhenzhou Cheng
Summary: Mid-infrared (Mid-IR) silicon photonics has gained significant attention in the development of chip-integrated molecular sensors. Microring resonators (MRRs) with high-quality factors, reproducibility in fabrication, and compact footprints are useful for sensing purposes. However, the limited availability and high cost of mid-IR equipment, such as tunable lasers or spectrometers, hinder the applications of MRR-based sensors. In this study, we propose a theoretical approach to overcome this limitation by using an MRR-based nitrogen dioxide gas sensor that utilizes a monochromatic mid-IR laser. Additionally, graphene is employed as a sensitizing medium to modify the phase of the propagating light in the silicon waveguide after gas molecule adsorption. The proposed sensor achieves a theoretical sensitivity of 1.259 x 10-5 RIU/ppm, a limit of detection of 5.1 ppm, and a detection range of 5135 ppm. This research is expected to pave the way for the development of chip-integrated, low-cost, and highly sensitive optical gas sensors.
OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Jiahui Wang, Sean P. Rodrigues, Ercan M. Dede, Shanhui Fan
Summary: Coherent programmable integrated photonics circuits have great potential as specialized hardware accelerators for deep learning tasks. We designed an optical neural network based on microring resonators, which has advantages in terms of device footprint and energy efficiency. Tunable coupled double ring structures are used for linear multiplication layers, and modulated microring resonators are used for reconfigurable nonlinear activation components. Optimization algorithms are developed to train direct tuning parameters based on the transfer matrix method and automatic differentiation for all optical components.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Wei-Che Hsu, Cheng Zhen, Alan X. Wang
Summary: Silicon microring resonators are crucial in photonic integration circuits for their low power consumption, high bandwidth, and compact size. This study introduces an electrically tunable silicon microring resonator with a high electro-optic tuning efficiency and low power consumption, which can be used to compensate for resonance wavelength drift caused by temperature fluctuation.
Article
Optics
Pedro Chamorro-Posada
Summary: The study presents label-free silicon nitride asymmetric double-microring resonators using highly accurate 3D vector modal techniques, exploring parameter space and proposing optimal geometric configurations, leading to significant performance improvements at small microring radii and enabling smaller footprint devices and larger scale integration.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Khadijeh Miarabbas Kiani, Dawson B. Bonneville, Andrew P. Knights, Jonathan D. B. Bradley
Summary: This study presents the design and experimental measurements of silicon microring resonators clad with tellurium oxide, achieving an internal Q factor of up to 1.5 x 10^6 and a propagation loss of 0.42 dB/cm. Experimental results indicate that the increase in the refractive index of TeO2 reduces scattering, accounting for the low propagation loss.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Optics
Long Zhang, Ming Zhang, Tangnan Chen, Dajian Liu, Shihan Hong, Daoxin Dai
Summary: A compact spectrometer on silicon with ultrahigh resolution and wide working window has been proposed and demonstrated. The on-chip spectrometer has a small footprint, is realized with simple processes, and achieves ultrahigh resolution and a large dynamic range. This high-performance on-chip spectrometer has great potential in applications such as gas sensing, food monitoring, and health analysis.
OPTO-ELECTRONIC ADVANCES
(2022)
Article
Optics
Nathan Dostart, Hayk Gevorgyan, Deniz Onural, Milos A. Popovic
Summary: The study demonstrates a non-reciprocal element made up of a pair of microring modulators and a microring phase shifter in an active silicon photonic process, achieving an on-chip isolator. Isolation of up to 13 dB was achieved with an insertion loss of 18 dB. The design, along with increased modulation efficiency, could potentially make modulator-based isolators a standard 'black-box' component in integrated photonics CMOS foundry platform component libraries.
Article
Optics
Michael Brand, Bohan Zhang, Deniz Onural, Kenaish Al Qubaisi, Milos Popovic, Nathan Dostart, Kelvin Wagner
Summary: Integrated astrophotonic spectrometers offer significantly reduced size, weight, and cost compared to conventional free-space spectrometers. By utilizing a 2D dispersive serpentine optical phased array, high-resolution and compact spectrometer designs can achieve improved performance and increased spectral bins.
JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Roberto Sabella, David Plant, Hongwei Chen, Antonella Bogoni, Vladimir Stojanovic
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Optics
Hayk Gevorgyan, Anatol Khilo, Mark T. Wade, Vladimir M. Stojanovi, Milos A. Popovi
Summary: This paper introduces a co-optimized monolithic electronics-photonics platform that transforms the structure of MOS field-effect transistors into highly efficient MOS capacitor ring modulators. The modulator achieves the smallest ring cavity and the largest free spectral range in the O-band, setting a record for shift efficiency. The paper demonstrates the excellent performance of the modulator under RF drive and proves its strong nonthermal tuning mechanism.
PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Optics
Ram S. Prakash, Rajesh Kumar, Anirban Mitra
Summary: This paper proposes a lithography-free spectrally tunable perfect absorber that utilizes an asymmetric Fabry-Perot cavity with Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) as the cavity layer. The device achieves a maximum absorption of 99.7% at 1550 nm when GST is in the amorphous state under specific angle of incidence and polarization. When GST transforms from amorphous to crystalline, the absorption spectrum switches to longer wavelengths. The tuning range is about 866 nm, and the absorption remains above 99% throughout the tuning range. The crystallinity ratio of GST can be varied by applying voltage pulses, and electrothermal cosimulations confirm the phase change throughout the GST layer. Additionally, by reamorphization of GST, the absorption spectrum can be switched back, enabling reconfigurable perfect absorption. This work demonstrates a feasible approach for achieving a tunable perfect absorber that covers the 1550 nm communication wavelength window as well as the emerging optical communication window around 2 μm wavelength.
Article
Optics
Mohammad Faraz Abdullah, Nadir Ali, Vilson R. Almeida, Roberto R. Panepucci, Yiwei Xie, Daoxin Dai, Rajesh Kumar
Summary: This study presents a thorough investigation of a photonic memory with phase change material in a partially etched silicon waveguide at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The results show that the proposed approach has better performance than other methods that integrate the phase change material on top of or fill the waveguide.
JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Bohan Zhang, Mark Schiller, Kenaish Al Qubaisi, Deniz Onural, Anatol Khilo, Michael J. Naughton, Milos A. Popovic
Summary: Researcher proposed a new type of 1D polarization-insensitive grating coupler (PIGC) that is based on a zero-birefringence subwavelength corelet waveguide. The PIGC demonstrated low insertion losses and a wide polarization dependent loss bandwidth in the telecommunications O-band.
Article
Optics
Nathan Dostart, Bohan Zhang, Michael Brand, Kenaish Al Qubaisi, Deniz Onural, Daniel Feldkhun, Milos Popovi, Kelvin Wagner
Summary: Optical phased arrays (OPAs) for 2D beam-steering are limited by wavelength, which affects field of view and efficiency. We propose a Vernier transceiver scheme that uses different periodicities to eliminate ambiguity and increase efficiency. This scheme enables dynamic Vernier and ultra-fast scanning.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Urmita Sikder, Rawan Naous, Vladimir Stojanovic, Tsu-Jae King Liu
Summary: Researchers have successfully implemented reprogrammable non-volatile vertically-oriented nano-electro-mechanical (NEM) switches using multiple back-end-of-line (BEOL) interconnect layers of a standard 16-nm CMOS process technology, without additional lithography steps. They also demonstrated a compact decoder circuit composed of these reconfigurable interconnects. With the decreasing minimum metal pitch in each new manufacturing process, the hybrid CMOS+NEM technology has become increasingly attractive in ultra-low-power reconfigurable computing applications.
IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Kenaish Al Qubaisi, Mark Schiller, Bohan Zhang, Deniz Onural, Michael J. Naughton, Milos A. Popovic
Summary: We present the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of photonic crystal nanobeam cavities with the smallest footprint, largest intrinsic quality factor, and smallest mode volume to date in a monolithic CMOS platform. Two types of cavities with opposite spatial mode symmetries were designed. The nanobeam cavities can be used in reflectionless topologies due to their opposite mode symmetry and evanescent coupling, making them desirable for complex photonic integrated circuits (PICs). The devices were fabricated in a 45 nm monolithic electronics-photonics CMOS platform optimized for silicon photonics (GlobalFoundries 45CLO) and demonstrated quality factors exceeding 100,000, the highest reported among fully cladded PhC nanobeam cavities in any silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The ability of the cavities to confine light into small mode volumes was experimentally confirmed using near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM). These cavities are an important step towards realizing ultra-low energy active devices for next-generation integrated optical links beyond current microring resonator-based links and other CMOS PICs.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Panagiotis Zarkos, Sidney Buchbinder, Christos Adamopoulos, Sarika Madhvapathy, Olivia Hsu, Jake Whinnery, Pavan Bhargava, Vladimir Stojanovic
Summary: This article presents a fully integrated 2-D array of electronic-photonic ultrasound sensors for low-power miniaturized ultrasound probes. The system utilizes micro-ring resonators as ultrasound sensors, enabling lower power consumption inside the human body. It also replaces bulky micro-coax cables with thinner optic fibers. The integration of photonic devices with CMOS circuitry allows for a self-contained endoscopic ultrasound receiver system.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
D. Kramnik, I. Wang, J. M. Fargas Cabanillas, A. Ramesh, S. Buchbinder, P. Zarkos, C. Adamopoulos, P. Kumar, M. A. Popovic, V. Stojanovic
Summary: Integrated photonics offers scalability for practical photonic quantum information processing. By integrating circuits alongside photonics in a standard CMOS process, we demonstrate feedback control of four-wave mixing in a silicon microring, enabling in-situ operation in the photon-pair generation regime.
ESSCIRC 2022- IEEE 48TH EUROPEAN SOLID STATE CIRCUITS CONFERENCE (ESSCIRC)
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Kenaish Al Qubaisi, Dorde Gluhovic, Deniz Onural, Milos A. Popovic
Summary: This study proposes a scheme using microring resonators to achieve standing-wave resonator operation, eliminating reflections while maintaining a throughport response similar to a traveling-wave resonator. This could potentially enable interdigitated p-n junction microring modulators to achieve higher performance than other geometries.
2022 OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION (OFC)
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Panagiotis Zarkos, Sidney Buchbinder, Christos Adamopoulos, Olivia Hsu, Sarika Madhvapathy, Jake Whinnery, Pavan Bhargava, Vladimir Stojanovic
Summary: The paper presents the first optical ultrasound sensor with co-integrated read-out circuitry, based on MRR technology, showing high sensitivity and minimum detectable pressure, operating effectively at a specified frequency.
2021 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
(2021)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Kenaish Al Qubaisi, Anatol Khilo, Hayk Gevorgyan, Milos A. Popovic
Summary: This article presents microring modulators in the new 45CLO photonics-optimized 45 nm electronic-photonic CMOS platform. Interdigitated disk and vertical-junction rib microring designs are demonstrated, achieving a 20 GHz bandwidth at a 25 Gbps data rate.
2021 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
(2021)