The pH dependent surface charging and points of zero charge. IX. Update

A Summary of the points of zero charge (PZC) and isoelectric points (IEP) of various materials published in the recent literature and of older results overlooked in the previous compilations. The roles of experimental conditions, especially of the temperature, of the nature and concentration of supporting electrolyte, and of the type of apparatus are emphasized. The newest results are compared with the zero points reported in previous reviews. Most recent studies were carried out with materials whose pH dependent surface charging is already well-documented, and the newest results are consistent with the older literature. Isoelectric points of Gd(OH)(3), Sm (OH)(3), and TeO2 have been reported for the first time in the recent literature.

Automated summary

This review summarizes recent literature on the points of zero charge and isoelectric points of various materials, highlighting the importance of experimental conditions such as temperature and electrolyte concentration. The newest results are consistent with older literature, and isoelectric points for certain materials were reported for the first time in recent studies.