4.8 Review

Emerging MXene@Metal-Organic Framework Hybrids: Design Strategies toward Versatile Applications

Journal

ACS NANO
Volume 15, Issue 12, Pages 18742-18776

Publisher

AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06402

Keywords

metal-organic frameworks; Ti3C2Tx MXene; hybrids; derivatives; environmental remediation; smart textiles; catalysis; energy storage; metal-sulfur batteries

Funding

  1. Indian Institute of Technology Jammu [SGT100038]
  2. SERB [SRG/2020/000865]
  3. MEYS of the Czech Republic [CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000754, LM2018124]
  4. Palacky University [IGA_PrF_2021_031]
  5. German Research Foundation (DFG) within e-conversion (Fundamentals of Energy Conversion Processes) [EXC 2089]
  6. Czech Science Foundation [1927454X]

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The rapid progress in smart materials and hybrid design is driven by energy crisis and environmental challenges. The excitement lies in the tunable properties of hybrid materials, especially the combination of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and MXenes for improved performance in various applications. Efforts are focused on enhancing stability, conductivity, and properties of hybrid materials to meet the demands of emerging technologies.
Rapid progress on developing smart materials and design of hybrids is motivated by pressing challenges associated with energy crisis and environmental remediation. While emergence of versatile classes of nanomaterials has been fascinating, the real excitement lies in the design of hybrid materials with tunable properties. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are the key materials for gas sorption and electrochemical applications, but their sustainability is challenged by limited chemical stability, poor electrical conductivity, and intricate, inaccessible pores. Despite tremendous efforts towards improving the stability of MOF materials, little progress has made researchers inclined toward developing hybrid materials. MXenes, a family of two-dimensional transition-metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides, are known for their compositional versatility and formation of a range of structures with rich surface chemistry. Hybridization of MOFs with functional layered MXene materials may be beneficial if the host structure provides appropriate interactions for stabilizing and improving the desired properties. Recent efforts have focused on integrating Ti3C2Tx and V2CTx MXenes with MOFs to result in hybrid materials with augmented electrochemical and physicochemical properties, widening the scope for emerging applications. This review discusses the potential design strategies of MXene@MOF hybrids, attributes of tunable properties in the resulting hybrids, and their applications in water treatment, sensing, electrochemical energy storage, smart textiles, and electrocatalysis. Comprehensive discussions on the recent efforts on rapidly evolving MXene@MOF materials for various applications and potential future directions are highlighted.

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