Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Richard K. Cross, Dave Spurgeon, Claus Svendsen, Elma Lahive, Simon Little, Frank von der Kammer, Frederic Loosli, Marianne Matzke, Teresa F. Fernandes, Vicki Stone, Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg, Eric A. J. Bleeker
Summary: Even small changes in physicochemical properties of nanoforms (NFs) can influence their environmental fate and hazard. Testing and characterizing each individual NF will not be feasible due to the large number of new materials being developed. Targeting the most relevant form of the NF for a given exposure is important for efficient risk assessment. In aquatic systems, functional fate processes play a key role in determining the exposure relevant form of NFs. Grouping of NFs and read-across based on functional fate pathways can be justified by considering the shared fate and hazard profile. A new Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATA) is presented, focusing on dissolution, dispersion stability, chemical transformations, and the contribution to toxicity from particles and dissolved components. This IATA can be used as a template for future in vivo kinetic assessments.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Luisana Di Cristo, Agnes G. Oomen, Susan Dekkers, Colin Moore, Walter Rocchia, Fiona Murphy, Helinor J. Johnston, Gemma Janer, Andrea Haase, Vicki Stone, Stefania Sabella
Summary: The article presents nine integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATAs) for grouping ingested nanomaterials, using decision trees and tiered testing strategies to support grouping decisions and indicate implications per group.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Luisana Di Cristo, Gemma Janer, Susan Dekkers, Matthew Boyles, Anna Giusti, Johannes G. Keller, Wendel Wohlleben, Hedwig Braakhuis, Lan Ma-Hock, Agnes G. Oomen, Andrea Haase, Vicki Stone, Fiona Murphy, Helinor J. Johnston, Stefania Sabella
Summary: This study presents four grouping hypotheses for dermal toxicity of nanoforms (NFs) and develops tailored Integrated Approach to Testing and Assessment (IATA) for each hypothesis. The importance of considering NF dissolution in sweat fluids for dermal exposure is demonstrated. It is expected that these approaches will expedite the risk assessment of dermal toxicity for NFs.
Article
Toxicology
Rachel Verdon, Vicki Stone, Fiona Murphy, Emily Christopher, Helinor Johnston, Shareen Doak, Ulla Vogel, Andrea Haase, Ali Kermanizadeh
Summary: The incorporation of nanomaterials in consumer products has proven valuable, but their unique physicochemical properties can pose hazards. Due to the large number of nanomaterials available, risk assessment on an individual basis is not feasible, and alternative methods such as grouping are necessary. A three-tiered testing strategy is proposed to determine the similarity of nanomaterials and understand their effects on DNA.
PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Fiona A. Murphy, Helinor J. Johnston, Susan Dekkers, Eric A. J. Bleeker, Agnes G. Oomen, Teresa F. Fernandes, Kirsten Rasmussen, Paula Jantunen, Hubert Rauscher, Neil Hunt, Luisana di Cristo, Hedwig M. Braakhuis, Andrea Haase, Danail Hristozov, Wendel Wohlleben, Stefania Sabella, Vicki Stone
Summary: Manufacturing and functionalizing materials at the nanoscale has led to the generation of various nanoforms of substances. Testing every unique nanoform for adverse effects is impossible, thus hypothesis-driven grouping and read-across approaches supported by the GRACIOUS Framework are promising alternatives for efficient risk assessment. The framework enables the assessment of similarity between nanoforms, minimizing the need for new testing and aligning with the 3R principles. The template used to generate GRACIOUS grouping hypotheses and the IATAs provide a structured approach for data gathering, facilitating decision-making.
ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ekaterina Mostovenko, Christopher G. Canal, MiJin Cho, Kirti Sharma, Aaron Erdely, Matthew J. Campen, Andrew K. Ottens
Summary: The field of nanoscience has revealed the wide diversity of nano-scale particulates from natural and anthropogenic sources, raising concerns about their impacts on human health. Inhalation is the primary route of entry, depositing nanoparticles deep into the lungs and potentially affecting organs like the cardiovascular system and brain. Research has shown that the translocation of nanoparticles from the lungs to the circulation, as well as the release of molecules from the lungs into the bloodstream, can lead to various systemic outcomes.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Michael Bartels, William van Osdol, Maxime Le Merdy, Anne Chappelle, Adam Kuhl, Robert West
Summary: In this study, the predicted dermal and inhalation absorption of 39 constituents of Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) substances in humans was assessed using the GastroPlus (R) program. The results showed higher dermal absorption in an acetone vehicle and lower absorption in a more lipophilic vehicle. Inhalation exposure resulted in the highest pulmonary absorption, while oral absorption was relatively low. These findings can be used to evaluate the systemic effects of MDI compounds and address data gaps in oral toxicity testing.
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
S. V. Valiulin, A. A. Onischuk, A. M. Baklanov, S. N. Dubtsov, G. G. Dultseva, S. V. An'kov, T. G. Tolstikova, V. L. Rusinov, V. N. Charushin
Summary: An inhalation setup was developed for studying the effects of inhaled aerosol particles on laboratory mice, including two types of aerosol generators and inhalation chambers, as well as measuring equipment for monitoring particle concentration and size.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dimitra-Danai Varsou, Laura-Jayne A. Ellis, Antreas Afantitis, Georgia Melagraki, Iseult Lynch
Summary: The study presents eco-toxicological read-across models for predicting the toxicity of differently aged nanomaterials on Daphnia magna, with the finding that presence of natural organic matter in the medium reduces the toxicity. Nanomaterials were grouped into freshly dispersed and 2-year-aged categories, with in silico analysis identifying key features driving toxicity in each group. The predictive models have been validated and are recommended for regulatory purposes.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Dimitra-Danai Varsou, Nikoletta-Maria Koutroumpa, Haralambos Sarimveis
Summary: This study presents a computational workflow for grouping engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and predicting their toxicity-related end points. A mixed integer-linear optimization program (MILP) problem is formulated to automatically filter noisy variables and develop specific predictive models for each group. The method demonstrates good performance through application to benchmark datasets and comparison with alternative predictive modeling approaches.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
R. D. Handy, N. J. Clark, J. Vassallo, C. Green, F. Nasser, K. Tatsi, T. H. Hutchinson, D. Boyle, M. Baccaro, N. van den Brink, C. Svendsen
Summary: Little is known about the bioaccumulation potential of manufactured nanomaterials, but a meta-analysis of existing data sets on particle properties and bioaccumulation in earthworms revealed that some particle metrics could trigger bioaccumulation testing and predict nano bioaccumulation factors. Additionally, nano biomagnification factors were calculated in rainbow trout tissue, showing significant correlations with earthworm tissue nano bioaccumulation factors. These findings suggest that bioaccumulation measurements in earthworms could be predictive of values in fish, allowing for confident prediction of the bioaccumulation potential of manufactured nanomaterials based on simple particle metrics.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-NANO
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Melanie A. Snow, Michelle Feigis, Ying Duan Lei, Carl P. J. Mitchell, Frank Wania
Summary: The passive sampler for personal GEM monitoring introduced in this study combines a radial porous diffusive barrier with an activated carbon sorbent, providing high accuracy at low levels and high concentrations, wide applicability, and the ability to maintain low blank levels in high GEM environments.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Fiona Murphy, Susan Dekkers, Hedwig Braakhuis, Lan Ma-Hock, Helinor Johnston, Gemma Janer, Luisana di Cristo, Stefania Sabella, Nicklas Raun Jacobsen, Agnes G. Oomen, Andrea Haase, Teresa Fernandes, Vicki Stone
Summary: The development of an Integrated Approach to Testing and Assessment (IATA) aimed to support the grouping of different types of High Aspect Ratio Nanomaterials (HARNs) based on their potential to cause mesothelioma. The approach is hypothesis-driven, linking critical physicochemical descriptors for NFs to defined fate/toxicokinetic and hazard outcomes.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Vamsi Kodali, Jenny R. Roberts, Eric Glassford, Ryan Gill, Sherri Friend, Kevin L. Dunn, Aaron Erdely
Summary: The production method of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) can affect its toxicity profile, and understanding the potential pathological implications of this nanomaterial is important. In this review, the factors influencing BNNT toxicity, toxicity findings from in vitro and in vivo studies, and exposure assessment at manufacturing facilities are discussed. The results show that compared to other nanomaterials, BNNT has lower concentrations and poses lower toxicity risks in workplace environments.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Frederic Loosli, Kirsten Rasmussen, Hubert Rauscher, Richard K. Cross, Nathan Bossa, Willie Peijnenburg, Josje Arts, Marianne Matzke, Claus Svendsen, David Spurgeon, Per Axel Clausen, Emmanuel Ruggiero, Wendel Wohlleben, Frank von der Kammer
Summary: Before introducing a new nanoform on the market, it is important to evaluate its potential adverse effects through hazard and risk assessment. Grouping and read-across of nanoforms can help reduce resource consumption and maximize the use of existing data for assessment. The impact of nanoforms on human health and the environment depends greatly on their concentration and physicochemical properties, making knowledge of these properties essential for assessing similarity.
