Article
Cell Biology
Pei-Ling Huang, Song-Jian Wang, Rui-Feng Sun, Zi-Man Zhu, Xiao-Ling Li, Wen-Shan Li, Meng-Yue Wang, Meng Lin, Wei-Jun Gong
Summary: This study compared changes in brain activation in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with dysphagia before and after receiving rTMS treatment. The results showed that there was increased activation in specific brain regions before treatment, which decreased after treatment. Additionally, there was decreased activation in other brain regions before treatment, which increased after treatment.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Grace Blest-Hopley, Aisling O'Neill, Robin Wilson, Vincent Giampietro, Sagnik Bhattacharyya
Summary: The study found that adolescent-onset cannabis users have slower verbal learning compared to non-users, with disruptions in brain activation in certain regions affecting learning speed.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Greg L. West, Kyoko Konishi, Kathleen MacDonald, Anjie Ni, Ridha Joober, Veronique D. Bohbot
Summary: The study found that in older adults, individuals carrying the BDNF met gene and those carrying the BDNF val gene exhibit differences in learning strategies and brain activity, with BDNF val individuals more likely to use spatial learning strategies and met carriers more likely to use response learning strategies.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Steven J. Granger, Luis Colon-Perez, Myra Sarai Larson, Michael Phelan, David B. Keator, John T. Janecek, Mithra T. Sathishkumar, Anna P. Smith, Liv McMillan, Dana Greenia, Maria M. Corrada, Claudia H. Kawas, Michael A. Yassa
Summary: The microstructural differences in the hippocampal subfields are associated with age-related memory loss, and the submillimeter resolution diffusion weighted MRI sequence can accurately measure these differences, providing new insights into the mechanisms of age-related memory loss.
Article
Psychiatry
Rakshathi Basavaraju, Jeanelle France, Benjamin Maas, Adam M. Brickman, Janine D. Flory, Philip R. Szeszko, Rachel Yehuda, Yuval Neria, Bret R. Rutherford, Frank A. Provenzano
Summary: The study found that PTSD patients aged 50 and older with trauma exposure have smaller cortical volumes in the right parahippocampal gyrus compared to healthy controls, but no significant differences in other cortical areas. These results indicate a possible significant change in brain structure as PTSD patients age.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lili Yang, Siyi Yu, Leixiao Zhang, Wei Peng, Youping Hu, Fen Feng, Jie Yang
Summary: This study investigated the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between chronic insomnia disorder (CID) and the HIP/PHG functional connectivity (FC) network. The results showed that insomnia had a main effect on the HIP FC network in the cerebellar tonsil, superior frontal gyrus, and the medial orbitofrontal cortex, while gender had a main effect on the HIP FC network in the right cerebellum posterior lobe, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and supplemental motor area. The study also found an interactive effect of both insomnia and gender on specific FCs. The findings highlight the importance of considering gender differences in the pathophysiology of CID.
NATURE AND SCIENCE OF SLEEP
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Liwei Sun, Sebastian M. Frank, Russell A. Epstein, Peter U. Tse
Summary: Research using fMRI and MVPA found that the right parahippocampal place area and hippocampus encode the spatial significance of landmark objects in indoor spaces, with the neural representation of these objects systematically transforming according to their locations.
Article
Neurosciences
Minghua Li, Jessica L. Kinney, Yu-Qiu Jiang, Daniel K. Lee, Qiwen Wu, Daehoon Lee, Wen-Cheng Xiong, Qian Sun
Summary: A key mode of neuronal communication between distant brain regions is through excitatory synaptic transmission mediated by long-range glutamatergic projections. However, we found that the glutamatergic projection from the hypothalamic supramammillary nucleus (SuM) largely avoids pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA3 region and instead targets interneurons to provide feedforward inhibition. This novel long-range glutamatergic pathway suppresses the activity of principal neurons and reveals a new means by which SuM regulates hippocampal activity.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Emine Petekkaya, Gulen Burakgazi, Berna Kus, Ismet Murat Melek, Abdullah Arpaci
Summary: This study aimed to compare the volumetric differences of medial temporal lobe structures and neuropeptides between AD patients and healthy individuals. Results showed that patients with AD had lower right hippocampus volume and OT values compared to the control group. The positive correlation between PHG_R and neuropeptides suggests the need for further investigation into PHG and OT function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Olivier Fortier-Lebel, Benoit Jobin, Fanny Lecuyer-Giguere, Malo Gaubert, Jean-Francois Giguere, Jean-Francois Gagnon, Benjamin Boller, Johannes Frasnelli
Summary: Episodic memory deficit is frequently observed after a single and acute mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), along with reduced hippocampal volume. However, there is no linear correlation between hippocampal volume and memory scores in the acute phase. Further studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between these two measures.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
J. J. Levitt, F. Zhang, M. Vangel, P. G. Nestor, Y. Rathi, M. Kubicki, M. E. Shenton, L. J. O'Donnell
Summary: The study analyzed the brain wiring between the frontal cortex and caudate in 100 young adult healthy subjects using dMRI scans. It found that the wiring pattern deviates from a strictly topographic organization due to significant convergence in regionally specific fiber clusters, originating from subregions of ventrolateral, dorsolateral, and orbitofrontal prefrontal cortex. This deviation suggests a regionally specific pattern of cluster convergence in the brain wiring.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nacim Betrouni, Jiyang Jiang, Marco Duering, Marios K. Georgakis, Lena Oestreich, Perminder S. Sachdev, Michael O'Sullivan, Paul Wright, Jessica W. Lo, Regis Bordet
Summary: This study examined the reliability of texture features against imaging settings using data from different centers and found that texture features obtained from routine clinical MR images are robust early predictors of poststroke cognitive impairment and can be combined with other demographic and clinical predictors to build an accurate prediction model.
Article
Neurosciences
Line I. Christiansen, Gemma C. Ventura, Bo Holmqvist, Karoline Aasmul-Olsen, Sandy E. H. Lindholm, Matthew D. Lycas, Yuki Mori, Jan Bojsen-Moller Secher, Douglas G. Burrin, Thomas Thymann, Per T. Sangild, Stanislava Pankratova
Summary: Preterm infants are at increased risk of impaired neurodevelopment, which may be related to reduced levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) after birth. This study used preterm pigs as a model to investigate the effects of postnatal IGF-1 supplementation on brain development. The results showed that IGF-1 treatment improved motor function and enhanced GABAergic maturation in the caudate nucleus, but reduced myelination in certain brain regions. These findings suggest that supplemental IGF-1 may support postnatal brain development in preterm infants.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alena Stasenko, Erik Kaestner, Anny Reyes, Sanam J. Lalani, Brianna Paul, Manu Hegde, Jonathan L. Helm, Sharona Ben-Haim, Carrie R. McDonald
Summary: This study highlights that preoperative asymmetry of deep and superficial white matter structures within the temporal lobe can predict postoperative memory decline in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Furthermore, asymmetry of the superficial white matter is shown to be the strongest predictor in predicting and classifying memory outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Wenyi Li, Jiwei Jiang, Xinying Zou, Yuan Zhang, Mengfan Sun, Ziyan Jia, Wei Li, Jun Xu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the potential risk factors and cerebral perfusion in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). The results showed that family history of dementia and higher cerebral blood flow in the left parahippocampal gyrus were independently associated with SCD.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
C. E. R. Edmunds, Andy J. Wills, Fraser Milton
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Tina Seabrooke, Andy J. Wills, Lee Hogarth, Chris J. Mitchell
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Linguistics
Tina Seabrooke, Timothy J. Hollins, Christopher Kent, Andy J. Wills, Chris J. Mitchell
JOURNAL OF MEMORY AND LANGUAGE
(2019)
Article
Energy & Fuels
A. Khenien, A. Benattayallah, G. Tabor
Article
Psychology, Biological
Stuart G. Spicer, Chris J. Mitchell, Andy J. Wills, Peter M. Jones
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL LEARNING AND COGNITION
(2020)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Fraser Milton, I. P. L. McLaren, Edward Copestake, David Satherley, Andy J. Wills
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL LEARNING AND COGNITION
(2020)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Andy J. Wills, Lyn Ellett, Fraser Milton, Gareth Croft, Tom Beesley
LEARNING & BEHAVIOR
(2020)
Article
Psychology
Rene Schlegelmilch, Andy J. Wills, Bettina von Helversen
Summary: The Category Abstraction Learning (CAL) model describes category learning through processes of similarity-based generalization and dissimilarity-based abstraction, guided by two attention mechanisms. It explains how rules are learned from scratch and provides explanations for various learning phenomena, challenging existing theories. The model's potential lies in measuring cognitive processes regarding attention, abstraction, error detection, and memorization from multiple psychological perspectives.
PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Tina Seabrooke, Chris J. Mitchell, Andy J. Wills, Angus B. Inkster, Timothy J. Hollins
Summary: The research found that guessing the meanings of unknown words can improve later recognition of their meanings compared to studying alone. The error-correction hypothesis suggests that incorrect guesses can promote memory for the meanings when they are revealed. The experiments showed that guessing has a positive impact on target recognition, but not on associative recognition performance.
MEMORY & COGNITION
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Angus B. Inkster, Fraser Milton, Charlotte E. R. Edmunds, Abdelmalek Benattayallah, Andy J. Wills
Summary: The inverse base rate effect is a nonrational behavioral phenomenon in which participants preferentially select outcomes that are different from the base rates. Error-driven learning explains this phenomenon, with brain areas associated with prediction error playing a key role.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Stuart G. Spicer, Chris J. Mitchell, Andy J. Wills, Katie L. Blake, Peter M. Jones
Summary: Theories of associative learning often suggest that learning is influenced by prediction error, but a recent study by Spicer et al. proposes that humans are more likely to attribute surprising outcomes to uncertain cues, in order to maintain confident cue-outcome associations. The findings from the study support this theory, and further experiments compare it to other theories and examine the role of inhibition in learning. The results show that participants learned more about cues with larger prediction errors in inhibition-based learning.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL LEARNING AND COGNITION
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Timothy J. Hollins, Tina Seabrooke, Angus Inkster, Andy Wills, Chris J. Mitchell
Summary: Guessing the answer to a question before seeing the answer can improve memory, known as the pre-testing effect. This effect also occurs in general knowledge learning, where people are more likely to remember information they were curious about. However, the pre-testing effect is not consistent with a general state of curiosity.
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Tina Seabrooke, Chris J. Mitchell, Andy J. Wills, Timothy J. Hollins
Summary: Attempting to retrieve answers during an initial test can improve memory, especially for related word pairs, even if the retrieval attempts are unsuccessful. However, such improvement is not observed for unrelated word pairs. The popular theory that the pretesting effect depends on partial activation of the target during the pretesting phase is challenged by the data.
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Tina Seabrooke, Chris J. Mitchell, Andy J. Wills, Jessica L. Waters, Timothy J. Hollins