Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuang-Quan Yu, Shuangtao Ma, Donna H. Wang
Summary: Activating the TRPV1 channel in renal afferent nerves can suppress renal sympathetic nerve activity in obese rats, preventing renal dysfunction and hypertension. These findings highlight the role of TRPV1-positive renal afferent nerves in obesity-induced renal disease and hypertension.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lannie O'Keefe, Teresa Vu, Anna C. C. Simcocks, Kayte A. A. Jenkin, Michael L. L. Mathai, Andrew J. J. McAinch, Dana S. S. Hutchinson, Deanne H. H. Hryciw
Summary: Diet-induced obesity (DIO) leads to alterations in hormones, lipids, and inflammation, with the cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2) contributing to the inflammatory response. The effects of modulating CB2 with pharmacological treatments in a DIO model were investigated. The treatments reduced adipose tissue mRNA levels related to thermogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lin Xing, Shanyu Wu, Ying Shi, Fangzhi Yue, Lin Wei, Ryan Russell, Dongmei Zhang
Summary: Obesity-related kidney disease is a global health issue, and recent studies suggest that light pollution may be a novel environmental risk factor for chronic kidney disease. This study found that chronic constant light exposure worsened the renal injuries induced by high fat diet, including obesity, glucose abnormalities, and renal functional decline, and it was associated with activation of the HIF1 alpha signal pathway.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ilenia Martinelli, Seyed Khosrow Tayebati, Proshanta Roy, Maria Vittoria Micioni Di Bonaventura, Michele Moruzzi, Carlo Cifani, Francesco Amenta, Daniele Tomassoni
Summary: This study investigates the potential involvement of cholinergic markers in brain alterations associated with obesity induced by a high-fat diet. The results reveal changes in the expression and activity of cholinergic markers in obese rats, suggesting a link between obesity and cerebral injuries.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yinyin Zhang, Kun Zhang, Yuling Zhang, Lingqu Zhou, Hui Huang, Jingfeng Wang
Summary: The study suggests that obesity-related inflammation induced by high-fat diet could exacerbate vascular calcification in CRF rats. Furthermore, serum IL-18 level had a positive correlation with the degree of vascular calcification. It was also found that IL-18 promoted osteogenic differentiation and calcification of rat VSMCs via p38 pathway activation.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lydie Carreres, Zuzana Macek Jilkova, Guillaume Vial, Patrice N. Marche, Thomas Decaens, Herve Lerat
Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, and research is focusing on decoding the molecular mechanisms behind it to identify new therapeutic targets. Reliable, simple, and reproducible tools are necessary for investigating these pathways, with animal models such as diet-induced NAFLD and NASH being developed to mimic the human disease. Rat models, specifically the dietary model of NAFLD and NASH, are being used to study different dietary compositions and their effects on liver pathogenesis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vladimir A. Shipelin, Nikita V. Trusov, Sergey A. Apryatin, Antonina A. Shumakova, Anastasia S. Balakina, Nikolay A. Riger, Ivan V. Gmoshinski, Dmitry B. Nikityuk
Summary: Tyrosine and tryptophan play significant roles in regulating energy metabolism, locomotor activity, and eating behavior in obesity models. Tryptophan can normalize body weight but increase anxiety-like behaviors and decrease long-term memory, while tyrosine can enhance grip strength but impair short-term memory.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Permyakova, Ariel Rothner, Sarah Knapp, Alina Nemirovski, Danny Ben-Zvi, Joseph Tam
Summary: This study investigates the impact of obesity on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in renal function, revealing that obese patients exhibit kidney damage, increased activity of endocannabinoid synthesizing and degrading enzymes, and reduced expression of cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) in the kidney. The findings enhance our understanding of the intricate interplay among obesity, the ECS, and kidney function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haiyan He, Chong Chen, Wei Zhao
Summary: Soybean soluble polysaccharide (SSPS) was found to have therapeutic effects on high-fat diet-induced obesity, reducing body weight, improving lipid metabolism abnormalities, and decreasing inflammatory cytokine levels. The study also uncovered the impact of SSPS on the liver proteome and proposed the existence of different lipid metabolism mechanisms between in vivo and in vitro.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Hebaallah Mamdouh Hashiesh, Charu Sharma, Sameer N. Goyal, Bassem Sadek, Niraj Kumar Jha, Juma Al Kaabi, Shreesh Ojha
Summary: BCP is a natural compound with selective agonist properties that activate CB2R and have various pharmacological effects. BCP shows protective effects in the heart, liver, nervous system, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, cancer, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory actions.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Veronica Arreaza-Gil, Ivan Escobar-Martinez, Manuel Suarez, Francisca Isabel Bravo, Begona Muguerza, Anna Arola-Arnal, Cristina Torres-Fuentes
Summary: Gut microbiota and biological rhythms are key factors that affect physiological and metabolic processes. This study found that seasonal changes in photoperiod significantly altered gut microbiota composition and influenced diet-induced obesity development.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiangnan Zhang, Qiannan Li, Ning Han, Chaofan Song, Yangnan Lin, Liansheng Zhang, Daoyuan Ren, Yan Zhao, Xingbin Yang, Ting Li
Summary: The antidiabetic effects and underlying mechanisms of the polysaccharides extracted from Fu brick tea (FBTP) were investigated in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. It was found that FBTP could alleviate dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress in T2DM rats by reshaping the gut microbiota and regulating intestinal metabolites.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Lin Ye, Xueting Hu, Xiang Hu, Sihui Yin, Jianqiang Chen, Hanghui He, Shanshan Hong, Bin Yang, Krishna K. Singh, Jianpeng Feng, Yi Wang, Wu Luo, Guang Liang
Summary: Obesity is a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease, but the curcumin derivative C66 has been found to attenuate obesity-induced renal injury by inhibiting chronic inflammation and apoptosis through targeting NF-κB and JNK pathways, suggesting its potential in preventing obesity-associated renal diseases.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Chia-Chen Hsu, Yingxiao Li, Chao-Tien Hsu, Juei-Tang Cheng, Mang-Hung Lin, Kai-Chun Cheng, Shang-Wen Chen
Summary: Diet-induced obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and increases in TNF-alpha is associated with this condition. Etanercept, a TNF-alpha inhibitor, has been shown to alleviate cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis by reducing STAT3 activation in HFD-fed rats and H9c2 cells.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Fernanda Santos Thomaz, Yuen P. Tan, Craig M. Williams, Leigh C. Ward, Simon Worrall, Sunil K. Panchal
Summary: This study evaluated the content of 6-MSITC in hydroponically grown wasabi and its effects on rats fed with a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet. Wasabi was found to reduce body weight, fat mass, plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood glucose concentration.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lannie O'Keefe, Teresa Vu, Anna C. Simcocks, Kayte A. Jenkin, Michael L. Mathai, Deanne H. Hryciw, Dana S. Hutchinson, Andrew J. McAinch
Summary: Treatment with the CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist AM251 reduced fat pad weight and altered hormone levels in obese rats, but did not induce browning in white adipose tissue or alter gene expression in skeletal muscle.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Sarah J. Etherington, Andrew J. Moorhouse, Tamara M. Paravicini, Michelle Towstoless, Alan Hayes, Deanne H. Hryciw, Louise Lexis, Kathy Tangalakis, Task Task Force
Summary: A task force of physiology educators from 25 Australian universities reached a nationwide consensus on seven core concepts for physiology curricula, one of which is cell membrane. The cell membrane core concept was unpacked into four themes and 33 subthemes, covering the definition, structure, transport, and potentials of cell membranes. Most items were evaluated as essential or important, with cell membrane structure theme rated as relatively less important and membrane potential theme rated as the most difficult. The importance of cell membranes in biomedical education received strong support from Australian educators.
ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nirajan Shrestha, Nathan Rout-Pitt, Alexandra McCarron, Courtney A. A. Jackson, Andrew C. C. Bulmer, Andrew J. J. McAinch, Martin Donnelley, David W. W. Parsons, Deanne H. H. Hryciw
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of essential fatty acid deficiency caused by cystic fibrosis (CF), which is the result of mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Two rodent models of CF were studied: one strain with a loss of phenylalanine at position 508 (Phe508del) in CFTR and the other lacking functional CFTR (510X). Fatty acid concentrations were measured in the serum, and the expression of genes related to fatty acid transport and metabolism was quantified. Histological assessment of the ileal tissue was also performed. The results showed genotype- and age-dependent alterations in fatty acid concentration, as well as changes in gene expression and tissue morphology. These findings suggest that CF rat models exhibit abnormalities in the handling of fatty acids, possibly due to altered transport and metabolism, as well as fibrosis and structural changes in the ileum.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lannie O'Keefe, Teresa Vu, Anna C. C. Simcocks, Kayte A. A. Jenkin, Michael L. L. Mathai, Andrew J. J. McAinch, Dana S. S. Hutchinson, Deanne H. H. Hryciw
Summary: Diet-induced obesity (DIO) leads to alterations in hormones, lipids, and inflammation, with the cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2) contributing to the inflammatory response. The effects of modulating CB2 with pharmacological treatments in a DIO model were investigated. The treatments reduced adipose tissue mRNA levels related to thermogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Deanne H. Hryciw
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kelly A. Smith, Nicole Dominado, Jessica F. Briffa
Summary: Tmem161b is a transmembrane protein that has been identified through high-throughput phenotypic screens in fly, zebrafish, and mouse. It functions as an essential regulator of cardiac rhythm in zebrafish and also plays a role in cardiac morphology in mice. Recent studies have reported mutations in TMEM161B associated with structural brain malformations in humans, but its significance in the human heart is still unclear. Loss of function of Tmem161b in the three model organisms studied (fly, fish, and mouse) is linked to abnormalities in intracellular calcium ion handling, which may explain the diverse phenotypes observed. This review provides a summary of the current understanding of this conserved and functionally essential protein in the context of cardiac biology.
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Christian Moro, Tracy Douglas, Ruben Phillips, Michelle Towstoless, Alan Hayes, Deanne H. Hryciw, Louise Lexis, Kathy Tangalakis, Task Force
Summary: Using the Delphi method, consensus was reached on seven core concepts of physiology, including the integration concept of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems interacting to create and sustain life. A team of Australian physiology educators unpacked this core concept into hierarchical levels, identifying five themes and ten subthemes. The importance and difficulty levels of each theme and subtheme were rated by experienced physiology educators. The main theme of hierarchy was rated as essential and slightly difficult, while the other subthemes differed in importance and difficulty. Integration core concepts should be taught in the later semesters of a Physiology program.
ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Daniel Brown, Tanya Uebergang, Nicole Masters, Michelle Towstoless, Alan Hayes, Deanne H. Hryciw, Louise Lexis, Kathy Tangalakis
Summary: This article aims to unpack the core concept of substance movement within the human body, providing guidance for physiology teaching in tertiary education institutes in Australia. The concept introduces fundamental knowledge of the driving factors and applies them in physiological contexts. The importance of understanding this concept is widely acknowledged, but its difficulty varies among educators. The complexity of this concept is due to the underlying physical forces, and organizing it into subthemes can help prioritize learning activities.
ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Elizabeth A. H. Beckett, Voula Gaganis, Anthony J. Bakker, Michelle Towstoless, Alan Hayes, Deanne H. Hryciw, Louise Lexis, Kathy Tangalakis, Task Force
Summary: Australia-wide consensus was reached on seven core concepts of physiology, with homeostasis being one of the fundamental concepts for students to understand physiological regulatory mechanisms. A team of Australian educators unpacked the concept and identified 5 themes and 18 subthemes to simplify the components and improve learning and teaching of homeostasis.
ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Kathy Tangalakis, Louise Lexis, Deanne H. Hryciw, Michelle Towstoless, Anthony J. Bakker, Elizabeth Beckett, Daniel Brown, Melissa Cameron, Julia Choate, Lisa Chopin, Matthew B. Cooke, Tracy Douglas, Suzanne Estaphan, Sarah Etherington, Voula Gaganis, Andrew Moorhouse, Christian Moro, Tamara Paravicini, Ben Perry, Ruben Phillips, Christopher Scott, Gabrielle Todd, Tanya Uebergang, Glenn Wadley, Matthew Watt, Alan Hayes
Summary: Consensus has been reached on the core concepts of physiology in Australia through the Delphi method, and these concepts will be integrated into the curricula of Australian universities. The core concepts include Cell Membrane, Cell-Cell Communication, Movement of Substances, Structure and Function, Homeostasis, Integration, and Physiological Adaptation.
ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Ben D. Perry, Melissa S. Cameron, Matthew B. Cooke, Michelle Towstoless, Deanne H. Hryciw, Alan Hayes, Louise Lexis, Kathy Tangalakis, Task Force
Summary: The structure and function core concept of physiology was unpacked and validated by Australian educators, specifically focusing on the renal system.
ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Lisa K. Chopin, Julia Choate, Joseph A. Rathner, Michelle Towstoless, Alan Hayes, Deanne H. Hryciw, Louise Lexis, Kathy Tangalakis, Task Force
Summary: An Australia-wide consensus was reached on seven core concepts of physiology, one of which was cell-cell communication. Three physiology educators from a core concepts Delphi task force unpacked this core concept into seven different themes and 60 subthemes. Cell-cell communication, previously unpacked and validated, was modified for an Australian audience to include emerging knowledge and adapted to increase student accessibility.
ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Kathy Tangalakis, Brianna L. Julien, Louise Lexis, Deanne H. Hryciw, Colleen J. Thomas, Maja Husaric, Michelle Towstoless, Philip J. MacKinnon, Yuan Miao, Alan Hayes
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the extent to which a set of 15 core concepts of physiology are reflected in the learning outcomes of physiology curricula in Australian universities. The findings suggest a lack of alignment of learning outcomes with the core concepts and highlight the need for agreement on a set of core concepts in physiology in Australia.
ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION
(2023)