In vivo and invitro experimentation for scientific validation of the traditional use of Chromolaena odorata (L.) against envenomation of honey bee sting

Honey bees are well known for their economic importance but despite of their domicile nature they often become a threat when swarm of bees attacks a victim by their sting. Mellitin and Phospholipase A(2)(PLA(2)) in the bee venom causes pain, inflammation, mild hemorrhage and anaphylactic reaction. Common line of treatment includes hydrocortisone cream and no anti-venom developed yet. Herbal bioactive therapy and complementary medicine remains the option for symptomatic relief of the pain and inflammation associated with insect bites and sting. Chromolaena odorata (L.) (C. odorata) is investigated in the present study to scientifically validate its folkloric use in insect bites. Gel of C. odorata was applied for 7 days in the bare skin of each albino mice after allowing 6 live honey bees to sting on day 1. In egg yolk plate assay, percent inhibition of PLA(2) by C. odorata was done. In L929 assay, cell viability was observed after challenge with PLA(2) and protection by C. odorata was observed. In the in-vivo mice experiment, significant reduction in erythema and oedema was observed visually and histopathologically. In the In vitro PLA(2) inhibition assay, the concentration of 25, 50 and 100 mu g of C. odorata extract showed 28.5%, 54.9% and 76.7% inhibition respectively. In the L929 assay, C. odorata neutralised the PLA(2) when incubated together and minimize cell death by inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme. The above results prove its candidature as an alternative medicine for healing from honey bee sting envenomation. [GRAPHICS] .

Automated summary

This study scientifically validated the folkloric use of Chromolaena odorata in insect bites. The results showed that C. odorata can effectively alleviate pain and inflammation caused by honey bee stings, indicating its potential as an alternative medicine for treating envenomation.