Article
Biology
Aleksandra Cwiek, Susanne Fuchs, Christoph Draxler, Eva Liina Asu, Dan Dediu, Katri Hiovain, Shigeto Kawahara, Sofia Koutalidis, Manfred Krifka, Partel Lippus, Gary Lupyan, Grace E. Oh, Jing Paul, Caterina Petrone, Rachid Ridouane, Sabine Reiter, Nathalie Schumchen, Adam Szalontai, Ozlem Unal-Logacev, Jochen Zeller, Marcus Perlman, Bodo Winter
Summary: The bouba/kiki effect, which associates speech sounds with visual shapes, has implications for the evolution of spoken language. A study found robust evidence for the effect across languages and writing systems, largely independent of orthography.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Caleb Everett, Sihan Chen
Summary: The study examined the hypothesis that a specific anatomical feature causes languages to rely more heavily on labiodental consonants, and found that labiodentals are less frequent in hunter gatherer populations compared to those that consume softer diets and use eating utensils. The findings suggest that speech adapts to anatomical differences within and among populations.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Richard K. Cross, Dave Spurgeon, Claus Svendsen, Elma Lahive, Simon Little, Frank von der Kammer, Frederic Loosli, Marianne Matzke, Teresa F. Fernandes, Vicki Stone, Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg, Eric A. J. Bleeker
Summary: Even small changes in physicochemical properties of nanoforms (NFs) can influence their environmental fate and hazard. Testing and characterizing each individual NF will not be feasible due to the large number of new materials being developed. Targeting the most relevant form of the NF for a given exposure is important for efficient risk assessment. In aquatic systems, functional fate processes play a key role in determining the exposure relevant form of NFs. Grouping of NFs and read-across based on functional fate pathways can be justified by considering the shared fate and hazard profile. A new Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATA) is presented, focusing on dissolution, dispersion stability, chemical transformations, and the contribution to toxicity from particles and dissolved components. This IATA can be used as a template for future in vivo kinetic assessments.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Kathleen Rastle, Clare Lally, Matthew H. Davis, J. S. H. Taylor
Summary: This research highlights the significant impact of explicit teaching methods on reading acquisition, showing that explicit instruction can enhance learners' ability to generalize rules compared to discovery learning.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sapna Kumari Pandey, Kunal Roy
Summary: The study aims to explore the significance of the read-across-based algorithm in predicting mutagenicity. By developing an RA-based LDA QSAR model, better predictivity, transferability, and interpretability are achieved. The model's accuracy and effectiveness are further validated through comparison with the OECD toolbox.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dimitra-Danai Varsou, Laura-Jayne A. Ellis, Antreas Afantitis, Georgia Melagraki, Iseult Lynch
Summary: The study presents eco-toxicological read-across models for predicting the toxicity of differently aged nanomaterials on Daphnia magna, with the finding that presence of natural organic matter in the medium reduces the toxicity. Nanomaterials were grouped into freshly dispersed and 2-year-aged categories, with in silico analysis identifying key features driving toxicity in each group. The predictive models have been validated and are recommended for regulatory purposes.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Edoardo M. Ponti, Ryan Cotterell, Marinela Parovic, Roi Reichart, Anna Korhonen, Ivan Vulie
Summary: This paper introduces a Bayesian generative model for the space of neural parameters, enabling zero-shot classification for unseen task-language combinations. Experimental results demonstrate that the model yields comparable or better results than state-of-the-art, zero-shot cross-lingual transfer methods across a diverse sample of languages.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Edoardo Luca Vigano, Erika Colombo, Giuseppa Raitano, Alberto Manganaro, Alessio Sommovigo, Jean Lou C. M. Dorne, Emilio Benfenati
Summary: This study developed a new open-access software called VERA, which assesses the similarity between chemicals using structural alerts, pre-defined molecular groups, and structural similarity. VERA can accurately identify botanicals associated with carcinogenicity and provide clusters of similar substances.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
YiZhen Li, Hong-Yan Bi
Summary: This study used a meta-analytic approach to compare dyslexic children in Chinese and alphabetic writing systems. The results showed that dyslexic children in both writing systems have attention-related dysfunction, but the activation patterns in certain regions are different.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Claire Pelofi, Morwaread M. Farbood
Summary: Research shows that the structure of musical scales impacts how listeners learn new musical systems, with nonuniformity facilitating melody processing. Scale structures that specify tonal space by unique intervallic relations between notes significantly enhance performance.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chaoqiong Ding, Xiang Yan, Mengying Xu, Ran Zhou, Yuancun Zhao, Dan Zhang, Zongyao Huang, Zhenzhong Pan, Peng Xiao, Huifang Li, Lu Chen, Yuan Wang
Summary: This study reports the full-length transcriptome of mouse neural stem cells (NSCs) at different developmental stages, providing an important resource for studying NSC fate determination, neural development, and disease in the neuroscience community.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Katerina Mangaroska, Boban Vesin, Vassilis Kostakos, Peter Brusilovsky, Michail N. Giannakos
Summary: This study explores expanding a single learning environment into a learning ecosystem that integrates three separate e-learning systems, presenting a cross-platform architecture to capture, integrate, and store learning-related data. Using regression and classification techniques to generate interpretable models, the results show that combining data across three e-learning systems improves classification accuracy.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES
(2021)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Burak Kocak, Ece Ates Kus, Ozgur Kilickesmez
Summary: In recent years, there has been a significant increase in research papers on machine learning and artificial intelligence in radiology. Understanding key methodological concepts about study design, data handling, modelling, and reporting is essential for evaluating the validity, reliability, effectiveness, and clinical applicability of these studies. Mastery of these key methodological concepts can enhance the academic reading and peer-review experience within the radiology community.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Ming Li, Yu -Ting Chen, Chang-Qin Huang, Gwo-Jen Hwang, Mutlu Cukurova
Summary: This study proposes a motivational AR-based (MAR) learning approach to support elementary school students in learning to write. The results show that this approach improves students' writing performance and motivates them to actively engage in the learning process.
COMPUTERS & EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Rebecca Treiman, Brett Kessler
Summary: Learning to read and spell involves understanding the connection between written word forms and language. Statistical learning plays a key role in extracting patterns of writing systems, but direct instruction can enhance learning outcomes. Focusing on the statistical patterns inherent in writing systems can help explain similarities and differences in learning across different systems.
SCIENTIFIC STUDIES OF READING
(2022)
