Extractive industry disasters and community responses: a typology of vulnerable subjects

There is widespread recognition that environmental disasters disproportionately affect the poor in developing countries, yet certain kinds of violence also strip white, middle-class communities in industrialized countries of vital resources to respond. Social vulnerability as a mutually constitutive relationship between distinct types of shocks and capacities to respond requires further research. I explore how the temporal dimension of shocks creates different types of structural risks, and articulate how these interact with the agency of affected communities. The first section deals with attributes of different environmental shocks, the second examines the agency of individuals and communities, the third analyzes the relationship between extractive industry violence and capacities for response. This generates a typology that enables us to chart the creation of vulnerable subjects. This framework also helps us develop insights into the underlying dimensions of social vulnerability and makes it possible to better classify cases of vulnerable populations.

Automated summary

The study highlights the disproportionate impact of environmental disasters on the poor in developing countries, as well as the stripping of resources from white, middle-class communities in industrialized countries due to certain types of violence. Social vulnerability is seen as a relationship between different shocks and capacities to respond, requiring further research. The temporal dimension of shocks and their interaction with affected communities' agency are explored, leading to the development of a typology for vulnerable subjects and a better classification of cases of vulnerable populations.