Article
Mathematics
Mohammed Abdullah Ammer, Zeyad A. T. Ahmed, Saleh Nagi Alsubari, Theyazn H. H. Aldhyani, Shahab Ahmad Almaaytah
Summary: Artificial intelligence assists in selecting the right candidates for specific jobs and helps organizations make accurate hiring decisions, while identifying strengths and weaknesses. This study contributes to the application of AI in human resource management and is significant for companies and HR professionals.
Article
Psychology, Applied
Richard N. Landers, Elena M. Auer, Lily Dunk, Markus Langer, Khue N. Tran
Summary: This study compares modern machine learning techniques with ordinary least squares regression in predicting job performance. The results show that the most valuable improvement from using machine learning is by dropping predictors rather than improving prediction accuracy. Machine learning only improves prediction accuracy when the sample size to predictor count ratio is less than approximately 3. The study also finds that several machine learning algorithms, especially elastic net and random forest, show superior predictive accuracy in combining item scores compared to traditional regression. Therefore, the potential value of machine learning is more likely to be realized in unconventional design scenarios and novel data formats.
PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Felicie Dhellemmes, Jean-Sebastien Finger, Matthew J. Smukall, Samuel H. Gruber, Tristan L. Guttridge, Kate L. Laskowski, Jens Krause
Summary: The study revealed that the association between personality and life history is favored in some ecological contexts but not in others. In a predator-poor environment, more explorative sharks in semi-captivity were found to take more risks in the wild and grew faster. While in a predator-rich environment, despite selection for fast growth, no link was found between exploration personality and the growth-mortality trade-off.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Debora Goedert, Dale Clement, Ryan Calsbeek
Summary: Animal coloration is a complex trait influenced by various ecological selective pressures and related to developmental and physiological processes. In wood frogs, dorsal coloration shows continuous variation, unaffected by body size or condition but changing with age. Subtle sexual dichromatism may have a demographic rather than a role in sex recognition.
ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Z. Liu, M. Jiang, T. Luo
Summary: This study demonstrates the use of transfer learning to improve machine learning models for fast screening of semiconductor candidates with desirable thermal conductivity (TC), utilizing a large low-fidelity dataset as a proxy task to improve models trained on high-fidelity but small data. The transfer learning models show improved accuracy and have potential implications for materials informatics.
MATERIALS TODAY PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Michelle Seng Ah Lee, Luciano Floridi
Summary: Researchers have proposed various notions of fairness in response to the concern that algorithmic decision-making may reinforce discriminatory biases, but in reality, the ethical and practical trade-offs are more complex and not a one-size-fits-all absolute condition. A new approach considers fairness as a relational notion compared to alternative decision-making processes, discussing the ethical foundations of each fairness definition using US mortgage lending as an example.
MINDS AND MACHINES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yingzhi Zeng, Mengren Man, Kewu Bai, Yong-Wei Zhang
Summary: This study presents new phase selection rules for high entropy alloys (HEAs) by combining CALPHAD calculations and the machine learning (ML) method. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) method is used to identify 5 important descriptors for delineating single and mixed phases in HEAs. The established rules offer a success rate above 90% in predicting single FCC and BCC phases, outperforming existing rules and providing a powerful tool for mapping single-phase regions in the complex temperature-composition space of HEAs.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Manuel F. Gonzalez, Weiwei Liu, Lei Shirase, David L. Tomczak, Carmen E. Lobbe, Richard Justenhoven, Nicholas R. Martin
Summary: Research suggests that job applicants have negative reactions toward AI/ML-based selection processes. Participants generally react more favorably toward augmented and human-based approaches, depending on their familiarity with AI.
COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoqian Zhang, Maolin Luo, Zhaodi Wen, Qin Feng, Shengshi Pang, Weiqi Luo, Xiaoqi Zhou
Summary: The study introduces a machine-learning-based method for evaluating quantum state fidelity, which is more flexible and efficient compared to other methods. This approach is applicable to arbitrary quantum states and can achieve high-precision fidelity prediction with fewer measurement settings.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Applied
Louis Hickman, Nigel Bosch, Vincent Ng, Rachel Saef, Louis Tay, Sang Eun Woo
Summary: This study addresses the lack of research on the reliability, validity, and generalizability of automated video interviews (AVIs) for screening job applicants by developing and validating machine learning models to assess Big Five personality traits. Results show that AVI personality assessments trained on interviewer-reports exhibit stronger evidence of validity.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Business
Marc H. Anderson, Peter Y. T. Sun
Summary: The current research on leadership styles faces challenges such as conceptual overlap and contested dimensions. This paper proposes using analogical reasoning from personality psychology literature to overcome these issues and advance the study of leadership styles. The authors suggest redeveloping scholarly understanding by identifying fundamental behaviors, aggregating them into higher-level dimensions, and offering a roadmap for future research to develop a comprehensive hierarchical model of leadership behaviors. The paper also explores analogous questions raised by personality research, such as situational influences and the development of characteristic leader behaviors over time.
JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Applied
Ann Marie Ryan, Jacob Bradburn, Sarena Bhatia, Evan Beals, Anthony S. Boyce, Nicholas Martin, Jeff Conway
Summary: There is a connection between cultural practices and social desirability of personality characteristics, with variations found in social desirability ratings for different personality aspects in different cultural contexts.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Ionut-Gabriel Farcas, Benjamin Peherstorfer, Tobias Neckel, Frank Jenko, Hans-Joachim Bungartz
Summary: Multi-fidelity Monte Carlo methods leverage low-fidelity and surrogate models for variance reduction to make uncertainty quantification tractable. This work proposes a context-aware multi-fidelity Monte Carlo method that optimizes the balance between training costs and sampling costs. The method applies to hierarchies of different types of low-fidelity models and allows for optimal trade-offs between training and sampling to minimize mean-squared errors of estimators.
COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Mattia Merluzzi, Paolo Di Lorenzo, Sergio Barbarossa
Summary: This paper proposes a resource allocation strategy for dynamic training and inference of machine learning tasks at the edge of wireless network to explore the trade-off between energy, delay, and learning accuracy. Two dynamic strategies are introduced to minimize system energy consumption under constraints on service delay and accuracy, as well as to optimize learning accuracy while guaranteeing bounded energy consumption. The proposed approach aims to strike a balance between energy consumption and quality of service in Edge Machine Learning (EML) tasks.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roosa A. E. Laitinen, Zoran Nikoloski
Summary: Trade-offs between traits in plants are important for their survival and are influenced by the environment and physicochemical laws. However, there are still gaps and differences in defining and measuring trade-offs, as well as understanding their genetic architecture. This review classifies existing definitions of trade-offs and compares quantification methods based on different correlations. It also highlights the genetic mechanisms underlying trade-offs and suggests the use of natural variability in studying them. The review offers a perspective for future research on plant trade-offs and their application in crop breeding.
Article
Psychology, Applied
Chet Robie, Stephen D. Risavy, Rick R. Jacobs, Neil D. Christiansen, Cornelius J. Konig, Andrew B. Speer
Summary: The study examines assessor beliefs and practices related to faking in individual assessments, comparing responses from 2005 and 2020 samples. Results show that single stimulus personality assessments remain common, but many assessors also use other types. In 2020, assessors are less concerned about faking and believe fewer candidates successfully fake.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Educational
Chet Robie, Adam W. Meade, Stephen D. Risavy, Sabah Rasheed
Summary: The effects of different response option orders on survey responses have been extensively studied. This study found little to no response option order effects on a recognized personality assessment. However, the completely randomized response option order condition showed differences in careless responding, suggesting avenues for future research.
EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Stephen D. Risavy, Chet Robie, Peter A. Fisher, Jennifer Komar, Andrew Perossa
Summary: Hiring the right people at the right time is crucial for the successful growth of any organization. Many tech companies are not following the most reliable selection methods, instead prioritizing efficiency and maintaining the status quo. Future research directions and practical advice are provided to help these companies better acquire talent.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCE-REVUE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES DU COMPORTEMENT
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Applied
Peter A. Fisher, Chet Robie, Cynthia A. Hedricks, Disha D. Rupayana, Leigh Puchalski
Summary: Recent research suggests that structured and quantitative employment references can reduce gender bias in personnel selection, regardless of job level or industry. Surprisingly, the impact of gender bias is negligible in both stereotypically masculine and feminine jobs. Furthermore, verbatim comments from reference providers show little practical gender differences.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Applied
Peter A. Fisher, Stephen D. Risavy, Chet Robie, Cornelius J. Koenig, Neil D. Christiansen, Robert P. Tett, Daniel Simonet
Summary: This study found that HR practitioners performed poorly in identifying personnel selection myths, indicating the persistence of the research-practice gap. Surprisingly, those who reported not conducting validity studies were better at recognizing certain myths as false. Several potential avenues for improvement are suggested to address the stubbornness of the research-practice gap in personnel selection.
JOURNAL OF PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Social
Neil D. Christiansen, Chet Robie, Gary N. Burns, Robert W. Loy, Andrew B. Speer, Rick R. Jacobs
Summary: This study compared the psychometric properties of scores from a personality inventory in low-stakes and high-stakes testing contexts, finding that applicants had higher trait scores and common factor loadings than incumbents. Additionally, there was a positive linear trend relating cognitive ability to increases in scale scores and common factor loadings in the applicant sample, which differs from the traditional differentiation of personality by intelligence hypothesis.
PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Social
Sara A. Murphy, Peter A. Fisher, Chet Robie
Summary: The study reveals that cross-country gender differences in personality dimensions are relatively small, with Emotional Stability and Agreeableness showing the largest discrepancies. Only Individualism at the country level accounted for unique variance in Emotional Stability differences.
JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Applied
Cornelius J. Koenig, Markus Langer, Clemens B. Fell, Raghuvar Dutt Pathak, Nida ul Habib Bajwa, Eva Derous, Sanja M. Geissler, Shinichi Hirose, Ute Hulsheger, Nino Javakhishvili, Nilve Junges, Birgit Knudsen, Michael S. W. Lee, Marco G. Mariani, Gopal C. Nag, Claudia Petrescu, Chet Robie, Halahingano Rohorua, Lavinia D. Sammel, Desiree Schichtel, Sergei Titov, Ketevan Todadze, Alexander H. von Lautz, Martina Ziem
Summary: The study found that economic inequality within countries is positively correlated to faking behavior in job interviews, implying that inequality may trigger other psychological processes that lead to unethical behavior.
APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Applied
Chet Robie, Neil D. Christiansen, Joshua S. Bourdage, Deborah M. Powell, Nicolas Roulin
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT
(2020)
Article
Psychology, Applied
Cynthia A. Hedricks, Disha D. Rupayana, Peter A. Fisher, Chet Robie
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT
(2019)
Article
Psychology, Social
Peter A. Fisher, Chet Robie
PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
(2019)
Article
Psychology, Applied
Peter A. Hausdorf, Chet Robie
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT
(2018)
Article
Psychology, Social
Peter A. Fisher, Chet Robie, Neil D. Christiansen, Shawn Komar
PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
(2018)
Article
Psychology, Applied
Ye Ra Jeong, Neil D. Christiansen, Chet Robie, Mei-Chuan Kung, Ted B. Kinney
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT
(2017)