Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Mariana Burca, Pierre Chausse, Ludovic Ferrand, Benjamin A. Parris, Maria Augustinova
Summary: Previous studies have shown that the larger Stroop effects reported in older adults are primarily due to differences in response conflict rather than semantic conflict. Recent research suggests that semantic conflict has not been clearly distinguished from response conflict in Stroop studies, and the existence of semantic conflict is uncertain. A new study using a two-to-one Stroop paradigm with a color-neutral word baseline provides empirical evidence supporting the composite nature of Stroop interference, showing significantly higher levels of semantic conflict in older adults.
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Photios A. A. Stavrou, Marios Kountouris
Summary: This article focuses on a variant of a robust description source coding framework, which is relevant for goal-oriented semantic information transmission, through its corresponding characterization. The optimal rates of the problem are derived, and conditions for this bound to be tight are determined. A general result for the optimal solution of this problem is proven. The importance of selecting the type of distortion constraint in goal-oriented semantic communication is highlighted, and a goal-oriented Blahut-Arimoto (BA) algorithm is developed.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jiakun Liu, Shuo Shao, Wenyi Zhang, H. Vincent Poor
Summary: A new source model is proposed, consisting of an intrinsic state and an extrinsic observation. The rate-distortion function of this model is defined and analyzed. The model considers the semantic aspect of information, where the intrinsic state is not directly observable but can be inferred from the extrinsic observation. The tradeoff between distortion measures is characterized by the rate-distortion function, which is solved using the indirect rate-distortion theory. The case of Gaussian extrinsic observation is studied, and a solution is provided under a quadratic distortion structure.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Studies
Maria Augustinova, Ingrid Banovic, Mariana Burca, Ludovic Ferrand, Pierpaolo Iodice, Carole Junker, Vincent Kernivinen, Benjamin A. Parris
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of exposure to pictures of nature on inhibitory control in the Stroop task. The results revealed that exposure to nature pictures does not effectively restore inhibitory control in the Stroop task.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiao Cai, Mingkun Ouyang, Yulong Yin, Qingfang Zhang
Summary: Language proficiency plays a crucial role in determining the impact of L2 semantically related distractors in L2 spoken word production, with a semantic interference effect observed only in high proficiency bilinguals. High proficiency bilinguals showed different patterns of brain activations compared to low proficiency bilinguals, with semantically related distractors inducing higher brain activations in specific regions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christopher W. Lynn, Danielle S. Bassett
Summary: By modeling networks as information sources and compressing them using rate-distortion theory, the study investigates the compressibility and characteristics of networks. The results show that compressibility is positively correlated with the transitivity and degree heterogeneity of the networks.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Quanbo Zha, Jinfan Cai, Jianping Gu, Guiwen Liu
Summary: This paper proposes consensus models based on stochastic programming, prospect theory value function, and imperfect information to address the challenges of group decision making with bounded rationality. A new information learning strategy is introduced, combining prior information learning and feedback obtained during negotiation to achieve group consensus. The effectiveness of this strategy is tested in the context of demolition negotiation in China's urban renewal projects. The analysis of the effects of prior information accuracy, moderator's confidence, feedback rounds, and number of residents provides practical suggestions for negotiation strategies in demolition and rebuilding projects.
APPLIED INTELLIGENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Cecilia Lindig-Leon, Nehchal Kaur, Daniel A. Braun
Summary: Bayes optimal and heuristic decision-making schemes are typically seen as opposing frameworks for studying human choice behavior. However, this study suggests that bounded rationality can bridge the gap between the two approaches. The findings show that subjects' response behavior becomes more imprecise and qualitatively different under time pressure. By fitting a bounded rational decision model, the researchers were able to capture this behavioral change and demonstrate the model's ability to reflect the simplicity of heuristics and the efficiency of optimal decision making.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yauhen Yakimenka, Hsuan-Yin Lin, Eirik Rosnes, Jorg Kliewer
Summary: This study proposes to improve the download rates of uncoded files on a single server by relaxing the conditions of perfect retrievability and privacy. Information leakage is measured using average success probability, and closed-form expressions for the optimal tradeoff are provided. A novel approach based on linear programming is also introduced for constructing schemes.
IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Business, Finance
Xue Dong, Patrick Minford, David Meenagh, Xiaoliang Yang
Summary: This article examines the empirical evidence for bounded rationality in a small open economy model of the UK and compares it with the conventional rational expectations model. The findings suggest that the bounded rationality framework better explains the dynamics of the real exchange rate following monetary shocks. The study also highlights the importance of the exchange rate channel in amplifying the effects of foreign mark-up shocks.
JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS INSTITUTIONS & MONEY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Chenguang Lu
Summary: This paper explores the relationship between truth functions and distortion functions in the context of rate-distortion functions and the Maximum Entropy method. By using semantic information G measure, non-probability functions such as NEFs are interpreted as truth functions, and partition functions are explained as logical probabilities.
Article
Neurosciences
Tanvi Patel, Matias Morales, Martin J. Pickering, Paul Hoffman
Summary: How the brain encodes the meanings in language has been investigated by linking neural activity patterns during comprehension to semantic models of language content. This study found that when producing discourse, similar topics elicited similar activation patterns in a widely distributed and bilateral brain network. It suggests that discourse semantics engages a common neural code that is shared between comprehension and production.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kelly Rapoeye, Robert J. Hartsuiker, Aurelie Pistono
Summary: Several studies have shown that different types of disfluency occur depending on the language production stage at which people experience difficulties. The current study combined a network task and a picture-word interference task to analyze whether lexical-semantic difficulty triggers errors and disfluencies in connected-speech production. The participants produced more disfluencies in the presence of a semantically related distractor word than an unrelated distractor word, while few semantic errors were made. These results support the hypothesis that difficulties at distinct stages of language production lead to distinct patterns of disfluency, with lexical-semantic difficulties leading to self-corrections and silent pauses. The results also have implications for the role of the monitoring system in connected-speech production.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods
Andrea Ceschi, Guido Fioretti
Summary: Bounded rationality offers a realistic alternative to utility maximization in settings characterized by uncertainty, missing information, and limitations to human reasoning. While it is widely accepted in organization and management studies, significant extensions are needed to analyze collective decision-making processes. Organizations play a key role in alleviating human bounded rationality, and understanding differential degrees of individual bounded rationality within organizations is crucial for extending the concept to collective decision-making.
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS PSYCHOLOGY AND LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Xuechao Du, Xiang Pan, Yinzhi Cao, Boyuan He, Gan Fan, Yan Chen, Daigang Xu
Summary: The legitimacy of Android apps accessing private information depends on whether the app provides sufficient semantics to justify the access. Existing analysis methods are limited to coarse-grained app-level analysis and cannot address the correctness of specific app behaviors under different runtime contexts. To address this, we propose FlowCog, an automated system that extracts semantics related to information flows and correlates them with given flows.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING
(2023)
