Article
Agricultural Engineering
Dayu Yu, Guizhen Xie, Qicheng Chen, Yang Yang, Nanhang Dong
Summary: This paper investigates the liquefaction of microalgae and yeasts in subcritical water, analyzing the fractional yield distribution and characteristics of the end-products. In comparison to the pyrolysis biocrudes of algae and yeast, the HTL biocrudes do not have an advantage in terms of N-containing compounds.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Schonna R. Manning
Summary: Microalgae, including cyanobacteria, are genetically and biochemically diverse photosynthetic organisms that produce a wide range of compounds, particularly lipids, with various applications in cell metabolism and biotechnology. This paper highlights the major categories of microalgal lipids and their uses in food, fuels, and specialty chemicals. Future directions include the development of microalgal chassis organisms and molecular tools to increase the production of target metabolites.
CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ziba Borazjani, Reza Azin, Shahriar Osfouri
Summary: In this work, a global kinetic model of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) was proposed for different algae. The model accurately predicted the conversion of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates to biocrude. The model was also applied to different biomass, and economic analysis showed a range of minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) for Aurantiochytrium sp.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yujie Fan, Leif Meyer, Miao Gong, Barbel Krause, Ursel Hornung, Nicolaus Dahmen
Summary: This study investigates the fate of nitrogen during catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of sewage sludge (SS) using three different catalysts (CuNi/SiO2, HCOOH, CuSO4) with 5 wt% loading. CuNi/SiO2 catalyst has similar bio-crude yields to non-catalyzed experiments, while HCOOH slightly increases the yields and CuSO4 obtains the maximum yields of 24.5 wt% with a 15% reduction in nitrogen content. Mechanistic investigations using model compounds show that CuSO4 effectively increases the yield and reduces the nitrogen content during HTL. Coke deposition and adsorbed poisoning by Maillard reaction products are proposed as the main reasons for catalyst deactivation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hugang Li, Maojiong Cao, Jamison Watson, Yuanhui Zhang, Zhidan Liu
Summary: The study demonstrated that Cu- cysteine complexes and Cu2S were the main components of Cu in wastewater algae, while CuS was the predominant form in 220°C-hydrochar. Model compound experiments showed that Cu- cysteine could be converted into CuS, while Cu2S was stable during hydrothermal liquefaction. The positive Gibbs free energy indicated that the oxidation from Cu+ to Cu2+ cannot occur spontaneously. Cyclic voltammograms showed that hydrochar facilitated the oxidation of Cu2S due to its higher capability of electron acceptance.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Reem Obeid, Neil Smith, David M. Lewis, Tony Hall, Philip van Eyk
Summary: Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a developing technology aiming to produce renewable crude oil through sub-critical conditions in water using various biomass feedstocks. Different feedstocks and reaction conditions lead to different product fractions, with organic and inorganic components playing a significant role in product distribution. Research indicates that temperature and reaction time greatly influence product distribution in HTL, with highest crude yield typically obtained from algae.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Sathish Raam Ravichandran, Chitra Devi Venkatachalam, Mothil Sengottian, Sarath Sekar, Sabariswaran Kandasamy, Kesav Prasath Ramasamy Subramanian, Kirubakaran Purushothaman, Aravindan Lavanya Chandrasekaran, Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
Summary: This review discusses the thermochemical conversion of algal biomass into bio-oil using hydrothermal liquefaction. The yield can be altered by adjusting parameters such as temperature, pressure, and catalyst quantity. The bio-oil is of great significance as a fuel source and value-added chemical source.
Review
Energy & Fuels
J. Arun, R. Raghu, S. Suhail Madhar Hanif, P. G. Thilak, D. Sridhar, N. Nirmala, S. S. Dawn, R. Sivaramakrishnan, Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
Summary: Availability of renewable biomass, especially algae biomass, is crucial for addressing environmental and health issues caused by fossil-based energy consumption. In this review, the cultivation, thermochemical conversion, and upgrading of algae biomass are explored. Photo bioreactors and raceway open ponds are preferred for microalgae cultivation, while hydrothermal liquefaction, pyrolysis, and co-liquefaction are commonly used for algae biomass processing. Upgrading techniques, such as catalytic cracking and hydrodeoxygenation, play important roles in improving the quality of algae biofuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Oluwayinka M. Adedeji, Jason S. Russack, Luke A. Molnar, Sarah K. Bauer
Summary: This study evaluated the co-hydrothermal liquefaction of beverage waste and sewage sludge, finding that the highest biocrude yields were obtained when beverage waste and sludge were co-liquefied, leading to increased heating value of the biocrude and biochar. It represents a favorable method for the simultaneous valorization of sewage sludge and beverage waste into bioenergy products.
Article
Thermodynamics
Tonggui Liu, HuiTing Jiao, Longsheng Yang, Weijin Zhang, Yingbing Hu, Yonghao Guo, Lihong Yang, Songqi Leng, Jiefeng Chen, Jie Chen, Haoyi Peng, Lijian Leng, Wenguang Zhou
Summary: Co-hydrothermal carbonization (Co-HTC) coupled with aqueous phase (AP) recirculation has been found to improve hydrochar production by promoting hydrochar formation and reducing oxygen content. The combination of Co-HTC and AP recirculation exhibited enhanced effects. The composition of hydrochar was mainly derived from oxygenated compounds in cellulose and hemicellulose, as well as nitrogen-containing compounds in protein. The major mechanisms for enhanced hydrochar formation during Co-HTC with AP recirculation were the Maillard reaction, catalytical effects from acids in the recycling AP, and the repolymerization or condensation of accumulated compounds in AP.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tawsif Rahman, Hossein Jahromi, Poulami Roy, Sushil Adhikari, Farshad Feyzbar-Khalkhali-Nejad, Tae-Sik Oh, Qichen Wang, Brendan T. Higgins
Summary: This study investigated the effects of reaction environments on biocrude production from Tetraselmis sp. algae strain by HTL process using red mud (RM) based catalyst. The Ni/RM catalyst produced the highest biocrude yield and reduced sulfur and oxygen content, while the RRM catalyst maximized the biocrude carbon content.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jianwen Lu, Shanshan Wang, Qingyuan Li, Shipei Xu, Chao Wang, Yulong Wu
Summary: This paper investigates the effects of formic acid and catalysts on the properties of bio-oil produced from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae. The results show that the addition of formic acid and catalysts slightly decreases the bio-oil yield but increases the carbon, hydrogen content, and higher heating values of the bio-oil. Additionally, the introduction of formic acid and catalysts alters the composition and fraction characteristics of the bio-oil.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Andres Chacon-Parra, David Lewis, Marianne Glasius, Philip van Eyk
Summary: The reaction mechanism and kinetic models for the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of monosaccharides and polysaccharides were investigated in this study. Experimental data and models provided an unbiased understanding of carbohydrate decomposition during HTL conversion, while the analysis of solid products clarified solid transformations and integrated both phases into a more comprehensive reaction mechanism approach.
Article
Energy & Fuels
M. Sangeetha Vidhya, R. Yuvakkumar, G. Ravi
Summary: In this work, bimetallic ZnSe-CoSe2 electrode material was designed and prepared for supercapacitor applications. The material showed high capacitance, stability, and long cycle life. It also exhibited high energy density at high power density and effectively lit up an LED.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Julien F. Maillard, Charlotte Mase, Olivier Serve, Herve Vezin, Carlos Afonso, Pierre Giusti, Caroline Mangote
Summary: Microalga-based fuels show promise as alternatives to fossil energies due to their ability to grow under harsh conditions and capture industrial exhaust gases, thereby reducing the effects of global warming. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an efficient way to process microalgae, generating an intermediate bio-crude and a non-usable residual solid. By eliminating problematic heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, and metals, the bio-crude can be refined to produce usable biofuel.
ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Peifang Yan, Zhanwei Xu, Chao Zhang, Xiumei Liu, Wenjuan Xu, Z. Conrad Zhang
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chao Zhang, Wenjuan Xu, Peifang Yan, Xiumei Liu, Z. Conrad Zhang
PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
(2015)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xiaohan Tang, Chao Zhang, Zeyu Li, Xiaoyi Yang
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Chao Zhang, Xiaohan Tang, Xiaoyi Yang
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2018)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chao Zhang, Xiaochun Lei, C. Tim Scott, J. Y. Zhu, Kecheng Li
BIOENERGY RESEARCH
(2014)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Chao Zhang, Feng Pang, Bing Li, Shulin Xue, Yong Kang
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2013)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Chao Zhang, Xinshu Zhuang, Zhao Jiang Wang, Fred Matt, Franz St John, J. Y. Zhu
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Feng Pang, Shulin Xue, Shengshuan Yu, Chao Zhang, Bing Li, Yong Kang
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2013)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
C. Zhang, C. J. Houtman, J. Y. Zhu
PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
(2014)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiumei Liu, Wenjuan Xu, Chao Zhang, Peifang Yan, Songyan Jia, Zhanwei Xu, Z. Conrad Zhang
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiumei Liu, Wenjuan Xu, Liaoyuan Mao, Chao Zhang, Peifang Yan, Zhanwei Xu, Z. Conrad Zhang
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2016)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Xiaohan Tang, Chao Zhang, Xiaoyi Yang
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Chao Zhang, Mingshuai Shao, Huanan Wu, Ning Wang, Qindong Chen, Qiyong Xu
Summary: The study found that hydrothermal treatments can significantly improve the properties of food waste digestate, effectively reducing the amount of solid residue after treatment. Through hydrothermal treatment, organic matter and carbon dissolve into the liquid, while multivalent metals concentrate in the solid residue, making the digestate more stable.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ning Wang, Dandan Huang, Chao Zhang, Mingshuai Shao, Qindong Chen, Jianguo Liu, Zhou Deng, Qiyong Xu
Summary: The study investigated the long-term characteristics of digestate from food waste (DFW) from an industrial-scale AD plant in China for 16 months, and found that DFW contains abundant organic matter and nutrients. Pyrolysis and composting were evaluated as optional conversion ways of DFW, with pyrolysis recommended for biochar production and composting offering the best potential for nutrient recovery.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xuemei Liu, Chaonan Cui, Shuoshuo Wei, Jinyu Han, Xinli Zhu, Qingfeng Ge, Hua Wang
Summary: This study presents a new strategy for designing efficient photocatalysts that can convert CO2 into hydrocarbons by utilizing synergistic catalytic sites. The findings provide a solution for the selective photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CH4.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chengxian Hu, Dan Wang, Lu Wang, Ying Fu, Zhengyin Du
Summary: A novel one-pot, three-component reaction conducted under electrochemical conditions was studied. The reaction involved 2-aminothiophenols, aldehydes, and malononitrile, using TBABF4 as an electrolyte and CuI as a catalyst. The proposed reaction mechanism suggested that CuI served as an electron relay. This method offers simplified operation, high atom economy, and mild reaction conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhi Yang, Yu Chen, Linxi Wan, Yuxiao Li, Dan Chen, Jianlin Tao, Pei Tang, Fen-Er Chen
Summary: A highly enantioselective method for the complete hydrogenation of pyrimidinium salts using Ir/(S,S)-f-Binaphane complex as the catalyst was developed. This method provides easy access to fully saturated chiral hexahydropyrimidines, which are prevalent in many bioactive molecules. The reactions exhibit high yields and enantioselectivities under mild reaction conditions without additives. Successful application of this methodology in a continuous flow fashion further extends its practical utility.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tina Jeoh, Jennifer Danger Nill, Wujun Zhao, Sankar Raju Narayanasamy, Liang Chen, Hoi-Ying N. Holman
Summary: In this study, the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose was investigated using real-time infrared spectromicroscopy. The spatial heterogeneity of cellulose was found to impact the hydrolysis kinetics. Hydration affected cellulose ordering, and Cel7A preferentially removed less extensively hydrogen bonded cellulose.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tiphaine Richard, Walid Abdallah, Xavier Trivelli, Mathieu Sauthier, Clement Dumont
Summary: An effective method of grafting functionalities onto lignin based on glycerol carbonate has been developed using an efficient nickel-catalysed telomerisation reaction. This method allows lignin to have new reactive functions and reduces the glass transition temperatures of modified lignins, thereby expanding the application range of lignin-based resins.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jing Qi, Xiyan Wang, Gan Wang, Srinivas Reddy Dubbaka, Patrick ONeill, Hwee Ting Ang, Jie Wu
Summary: This study presents a green and environmentally friendly approach for the synthesis of imides using electrocatalytic oxidation with H2O as the oxygen source. The method eliminates the need for toxic or expensive oxidants and achieves high yields under mild reaction conditions. It shows broad substrate compatibility and potential for industrial applications.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Babasaheb Sopan Gore, Lin-Wei Pan, Jun-Hao Lin, Yi-Chi Luo, Jeh-Jeng Wang
Summary: Here, we report a visible light-promoted intramolecular radical cascade reaction for the construction of fluorenol and naphthalene-fused cyclopropyl carbaldehyde derivatives. This method offers mild reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope, excellent step efficiency, and scalability, without the need for external chemical oxidants. The novelty of this protocol was demonstrated by synthesizing chrysene analogs and performing late-stage functionalizations.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Juho Antti Sirvio, Idamaria Romakkaniemi, Juha Ahola, Svitlana Filonenko, Juha P. Heiskanen, Ari Ammala
Summary: This article discusses the method of using supramolecular interaction between an aromatic hydrogen bond donor and lignin to achieve rapid delignification of softwood at low temperatures.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yunyan Meng, Chunxiang Pan, Na Liu, Hongjiang Li, Zixiu Liu, Yao Deng, Zixiang Wei, Jianbin Xu, Baomin Fan
Summary: A novel visible light-driven synthesis method for 2,3-diamines has been developed, which has mild conditions, avoids the use of metal reagents, and can synthesize diamines and diols in one pot.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mingqing Huang, Haiyang Huang, Mengyao You, Xinxin Zhang, Longgen Sun, Chao Chen, Zhichao Mei, Ruchun Yang, Qiang Xiao
Summary: A direct air-oxidized strategy for the synthesis of benzo[b]phosphole oxides was developed in this study. Arylphosphine oxides were transformed into phosphinoyl radicals, which were further combined with various alkynes to achieve the desired products. DFT calculations revealed the mechanism of phosphinoyl radical formation.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Anwei Wang, Jiayin Huang, Chunsheng Zhao, Yu Fan, Junfeng Qian, Qun Chen, Mingyang He, Weiyou Zhou
Summary: This study demonstrates an innovative strategy for the aerobic oxidation of C(sp(3))-H bonds using gamma-valerolactone. By optimizing the reaction conditions and utilizing specific catalysts, efficient oxidation of C(sp(3))-H bonds is achieved with good chemoselectivity in certain cases.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shun Li, Likai Tong, Zhijian Peng, Bo Zhang, Xiuli Fu
Summary: Sulfide compounds show promise as electrocatalysts for water splitting, but their performance is limited by factors such as limited active sites and hindered substance transport. This study successfully prepared a high-entropy sulfide (ZnCoMnFeAlMg)(9)S-8, which reduced grain size and increased specific surface area, enabling the realization of a dual-functional catalyst with multiple catalytic sites. High entropy also modulated the electronic properties of sulfides, reducing the potential energy barrier for hydrolysis. This research introduces a new approach for functionalizing high entropy nanomaterials and improves the performance of water splitting catalysts.
