Journal
PHARMACEUTICALS
Volume 14, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ph14080805
Keywords
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2); severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); renin-angiotensin system (RAS); Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); angiotensin
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ACE2 is a crucial protein involved in various diseases, especially in the infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, playing a significant role in recognizing viral binding proteins.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an 805 amino acid protein encoded by the ACE2 gene expressed in various human cells, especially in those located in the epithelia. The primary function of ACE2 is to produce angiotensin (1-7) from angiotensin II (Ang II). The current research has described the importance of ACE2 and Ang (1-7) in alternative routes of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that promote the downregulation of fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress processes in a great variety of diseases, such as hypertension, acute lung injury, liver cirrhosis, and kidney abnormalities. Investigations into the recent outbreak of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have revealed the importance of ACE2 during infection and its role in recognizing viral binding proteins through interactions with specific amino acids of this enzyme. Additionally, the ACE2 expression in several organs has allowed us to understand the clinical picture related to the infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. This review aims to provide context for the functions and importance of ACE2 with regards to SARS-CoV-2 in the general clinical aspect and its impact on other diseases, especially respiratory diseases.
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