Article
Law
Simran Ahmed, Seung C. Lee, L. Maaike Helmus
Summary: According to a meta-analysis, Indigenous and Black individuals scored significantly higher on the Static-99R tool for assessing sexual recidivism risk compared to non-Indigenous and White individuals, with no significant differences between White and Black individuals. Asian individuals also showed significant prediction of recidivism with Static-99R. The study discusses potential reasons for the differential accuracy for Indigenous individuals and suggests further research and practice improvements.
LAW AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Justina F. Avila, Miguel Arce Renteria, Richard N. Jones, Jet M. J. Vonk, Indira Turney, Ketlyne Sol, Dominika Seblova, Franchesca Arias, Tanisha Hill-Jarrett, Shellie-Anne Levy, Oanh Meyer, Annie M. Racine, Sarah E. Tom, Rebecca J. Melrose, Kacie Deters, Luis D. Medina, Carmen Carrion, Mirella Diaz-Santos, DeAnnah R. Byrd, Anthony Chesebro, Juliet Colon, Kay C. Igwe, Benjamin Maas, Adam M. Brickman, Nicole Schupf, Richard Mayeux, Jennifer J. Manly
Summary: The study suggests that educational attainment has a positive impact on cognitive reserve for Whites, attenuating the negative effects of certain brain integrity indicators on memory and language abilities. However, this impact is not significant for Blacks and Hispanics.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2021)
Article
Economics
Lingqian Hu, Nicholas J. Klein, Michael J. Smart
Summary: This research investigates differences in the adaptation process of immigrant commute distance and commute mode across and within three racial/ethnic groups in the United States. The study found that immigrant commute behavior eventually converges with that of US-born individuals, but white immigrants show a higher persistence in using non-automobile modes compared to Hispanic immigrants.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Sarah C. Nelson, Stephanie M. Gogarten, Stephanie M. Fullerton, Carmen R. Isasi, Braxton D. Mitchell, Kari E. North, Stephen S. Rich, Matthew R. G. Taylor, Sebastian Zollner, Tamar Sofer
Summary: Stratified allele frequencies are useful but have potential concerns. The TOPMed program recommends a novel approach for presenting ancestry-specific allele frequencies to mitigate re-identification and other concerns.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Alyssa C. Bader, Essie M. Van Zuylen, Matilda Handsley-Davis, Rosanna A. Alegado, Amber Benezra, Rebecca M. Pollet, Hanareia Ehau-Taumaunu, Laura S. Weyrich, Matthew Z. Anderson
Summary: Ethical practices in human microbiome research have not kept up with scientific advances, neglecting the involvement and benefits of indigenous communities. We propose a framework centered on the relationship between indigenous people, researchers, and microorganisms to address historical power imbalances.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Epifania Arango-Isaza, Maria Jose Aninao, Roberto Campbell, Felipe I. Martinez, Kentaro K. Shimizu, Chiara Barbieri
Summary: Efforts are being made to address inequality in genomics research access, particularly in the Global North. This study highlights the importance of returning scientific results to indigenous communities, fostering knowledge sharing and challenging power dynamics. By collaborating with Mapuche communities in Chile, the researchers incorporated community perspectives and disseminated the study results to a diverse audience.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Michelle M. Florentine, Stephanie L. Rouse, Jihyun Stephans, David Conrad, Josephine Czechowicz, Ian R. Matthews, Anna K. Meyer, Garani S. Nadaraja, Rajan Parikh, Jordan Virbalas, Jacqueline E. Weinstein, Dylan K. Chan
Summary: This study examined racial and ethnic disparities in diagnostic rates of genetic testing for sensorineural hearing loss, finding lower diagnostic certainty among Hispanic and Black children. Expanding genetic diagnostic criteria could mitigate these disparities, but in silico predictions are questioned for clinical use. Increasing representation of underrepresented groups in genetic studies is necessary to reduce disparities in diagnostic efficacy of comprehensive genetic testing.
Review
Oncology
Oscar Y. Y. Franco-Rocha, Kimberly A. A. Lewis, Kayla D. D. Longoria, Alexa De La Torre Schutz, Michelle L. L. Wright, Shelli R. R. Kesler
Summary: This scoping review synthesized the available literature on cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) in racial and ethnic minority populations. The findings suggest that there are disparities in CRCI among racial and ethnic minoritized individuals, with Black and non-white patients being more likely to experience CRCI compared to their white counterparts. The study suggests the need for standardized guidelines in measuring and reporting the racial and ethnic composition of research samples, differentiation of CRCI findings by racial and ethnic subgroups, consideration of the influence of structural racism on health outcomes, and development of strategies to promote the participation of racial and ethnic minority groups.
JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Lenique K. L. Huggins, Se Hee Min, Chelsea-Ann Dennis, Truls Ostbye, Kimberly S. Johnson, Hanzhang Xu
Summary: Existing educational interventions promoting dementia knowledge mainly focus on racial/ethnic minority groups in the United States and the UK. The interventions target Asian/Pacific Islander, Black, and Hispanic groups, with varied delivery modes including workshops and online videos. These interventions show positive impacts on improving dementia knowledge and attitudes, but overall quality is relatively low.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Xiangyu Tao, Tingting Liu, Celia B. Fisher, Salvatore Giorgi, Brenda Curtis
Summary: The study investigates the association between pandemic-related stressors, coronavirus-related victimization distress, perceptions of pandemic-associated increase in societal racial biases, and substance use disorder (SUD) risk. Results demonstrate that employment and housing disruptions are associated with SUD risk across racial/ethnic groups. Additionally, coronavirus victimization distress is linked to higher odds of tobacco use risk and polysubstance use risk.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Jae Joseph Russell B. Rodriguez, John Meldwin D. Cuales, Michael James B. Herrera, Louward Allen M. Zubiri, Richard N. Muallil, Altan I. Ishmael, Edlyn B. Jimenez, Mark Stoneking, Maria Corazon A. De Ungria
Summary: The recent discovery of an ancient hominin in Luzon and the diverse population of Indigenous peoples in the Philippines are crucial for understanding human evolution and population history in Island Southeast Asia. Advancements in DNA sequencing allow for the generation of genomic data to address questions about origins, relatedness, and population movements. It is important to reconsider ethical rules and guidelines when conducting research among Indigenous peoples, as more genetic sampling is being done, especially by international scientists.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Carolyn A. A. Fan, KeliAnne K. K. Hara-Hubbard, Wendy E. E. Barrington, Barbara Baquero
Summary: This study investigates the prevalence of hate incidents and the relationship between race and ethnicity during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings show that all marginalized racial and ethnic groups experienced significant levels of hate incidents, with Asian, AI/AN, Black, and Multiracial groups having higher odds of experiencing each category of hate incident.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shanada Monestime, Bettina Beech, Dulcie Kermah, Keith Norris
Summary: The study found that among NHANES participants with MetS, the prevalence of obesity-related cancers was significantly higher in non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic individuals, females, and older adults.
Review
Ethics
Gustavo H. Soares, Joanne Hedges, Sneha Sethi, Brianna Poirier, Lisa Jamieson
Summary: As part of a (bio)colonial project, Indigenous Peoples' biological information has been historically scrutinized by science, but with limited benefits for communities and donors. Negative past experiences have further marginalized Indigenous communities in omics research. However, emerging guidelines and projects in Australia have provided opportunities to foster respect and ethical relationships in genetic research with Indigenous Peoples. This review examines the ethical and cultural implications of using biological samples from Indigenous communities in biomedical research, presenting a structured framework for respectful omics research partnerships with Indigenous Australians.
MEDICINE HEALTH CARE AND PHILOSOPHY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alexander Yoo, Peggy Auinger, Jane Tolbert, David Paul, Jeffrey M. Lyness, Benjamin P. George
Summary: Bolstering the representation of women and underrepresented groups in medical faculty is crucial for addressing healthcare disparities. However, there is significant variability across institutions and only modest increases in representation overall for underrepresented groups. The representation of Hispanic faculty has declined.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jennifer L. Smith, Gia Mudd-Martin, Steven Estus, Terry A. Lennie, Misook L. Chung
Summary: This study examined the predictive role of the TAS2R38 haplotype on salt taste sensitivity and dietary sodium intake among patients with HF. The results indicated that the PAV homozygous haplotype was associated with lower urinary sodium excretion. However, genotype was not a significant predictor of salt taste sensitivity, suggesting the need for further research in this area.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR NURSING
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kaitlin Voigts Key, Gia Mudd-Martin, Debra K. Moser, Mary Kay Rayens, Lorri A. Morford
Summary: Anxiety is associated with cardiovascular disease risk and may be mediated by inflammation pathways. Genetic polymorphisms may moderate the relationship between anxiety and inflammation.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR NURSING
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Jennifer L. Smith, Misook L. Chung, Jennifer L. Miller, Martha Biddle, Donna L. Schuman, Mary Kay Rayens, Terry A. Lennie, Brittany Smalls, Muna Hammash, Gia Mudd-Martin, Debra K. Moser
Summary: The study found that rural caregivers of patients with chronic illnesses are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, facing factors that make caregiving burdensome and contribute to poor cardiac health. Women reported higher levels of depressive symptoms than men.
JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Chin-Yen Lin, Muna Hammash, Gia Mudd-Martin, Martha J. Biddle, Mark Dignan, Debra K. Moser
Summary: The majority of HF patients, regardless of age, did not appropriately recognize and respond to worsening symptoms. Age did not seem to be a significant factor in symptom perception and response, indicating the need for better symptom appraisal and interventions for all patients.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Antoine Rajkovic, Allison L. Cirino, Tala Berro, Diane R. Koeller, Kimberly Zayhowski
Summary: This study explores the impact of transgender-related genetic research on TGD individuals, highlighting potential effects on identity perception, external views, access to gender-affirming services, pathologization and elimination of TGD identities. Researchers are urged to consult with TGD community members and consider ethical issues before conducting research.
JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY GENETICS
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Susan Christian, Allison Cirino, Brittany Hansen, Stephanie Harris, Andrea M. Murad, Jaime L. Natoli, Jennifer Malinowski, Melissa A. Kelly
Summary: This study summarizes the diagnostic validity and clinical utility of genetic testing for patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and their at-risk relatives. The results suggest that the detection rate of pathogenic variants is higher in pediatric cohorts compared to adults, and in adults with a family history compared to sporadic cases. When current variant interpretation standards were applied, the detection rate in adults significantly decreased. Furthermore, the age-of-onset was significantly earlier in genotype-positive cohorts, MYH7 cohorts, and individuals with multiple variants compared to their counterparts, and disease penetrance varied depending on the inclusion or exclusion of probands in adult cohorts.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Erin Falsey, Allison L. Cirino, Emma Snyder, Marcie Steeves, Angela E. Lin
Summary: This study explores the perspectives of individuals with Turner syndrome on parenthood options. The findings show that adoption is the most preferred route to parenthood, while there is also interest in pregnancy and in vitro fertilization (IVF). Fear of pregnancy-related risks influences the preference for adoption, while the desire to experience pregnancy and have a biological child influences the interest in pregnancy and IVF.
JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY GENETICS
(2022)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Allison L. Cirino, Stephanie L. Harris, Andrea M. Murad, Brittany Hansen, Jennifer Malinowski, Jaime L. Natoli, Melissa A. Kelly, Susan Christian
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the uptake and utility of genetic counseling and genetic testing for patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and their at-risk family members, as well as the impact on patient-reported outcomes (PROs). The findings suggest that approximately half to three-quarters of patients with HCM and their relatives undergo genetic testing or cascade screening. The results of PROs varied after genetic testing, but genetic counseling was associated with high satisfaction and improved PROs.
JOURNAL OF GENETIC COUNSELING
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Kelsey M. Fusco, Robyn J. Hylind, Allison L. Cirino, Stephanie L. Harris, Steven A. Lubitz, Dominic J. R. Abrams, Neal K. Lakdawala
Summary: This study investigated the risk perception and ongoing screening practices in genotype-negative adults who received cardiac genetic counseling. The findings indicated that despite a negative genetic test result, the majority of participants still perceived a risk of developing the inherited cardiac condition and underwent cardiac screening. No significant correlations were found between clinical and demographic variables and risk perception or screening practices.
JOURNAL OF GENETIC COUNSELING
(2022)
Article
Nursing
Tracey K. Vitori, Susan Frazier, Misook L. Chung, Gia Mudd-Martin, Debra K. Moser
Summary: The study evaluated the psychometric properties of the BSI hostility and anxiety subscales in prison inmates, confirming their reliability and validity through reliability and construct validity analysis.
JOURNAL OF NURSING MEASUREMENT
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Erica E. Marsh, Michael D. Kappelman, Rhonda G. Kost, Gia Mudd-Martin, Jackilen Shannon, Louisa A. Stark, Olveen Carrasquillo
Summary: This study investigated how seven CTSA centers conducted CE and CEnR activities during the COVID pandemic, and found that all centers were able to successfully carry out these activities despite challenges. Virtual approaches were successful in maintaining CE activities, and bi-directional community partnerships played a crucial role.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Nursing
Adebola Adegboyega, Misook L. Chung, Debra K. Moser, Gia Mudd-Martin
Summary: The study modified a general health fatalism instrument to examine cardiovascular disease fatalism, finding it to be reliable and valid with good internal consistency. It also confirmed the hypothesis that individuals with lower adherence to healthy lifestyle will have higher fatalism scores, and identified a 4-factor solution through factor analysis. More research is needed to confirm this emergent 4-factor solution of cardiovascular disease fatalism.
JOURNAL OF NURSING MEASUREMENT
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nancy E. Schoenberg, Beth Bowling, Kathryn Cardarelli, Frances Feltner, Gia Mudd-Martin, Hilary L. Surratt, Philip A. Kern
Summary: CLIK, a workforce development and leadership program at the University of Kentucky, aims to enhance community members' ability to address rural health inequalities through diverse programming and networking opportunities. With 41 leaders from various local settings participating, the program provides didactic training sessions and mentored research projects to address local health disparities.
PROGRESS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH PARTNERSHIPS-RESEARCH EDUCATION AND ACTION
(2021)