☆ 4.6 Article

Improved mechanical and wear properties of Cu-Ga-In ternary alloys through liquid reinforcement

MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Journal

MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS

Volume 27, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER

DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102409

Keywords

Solid-liquid composite; Cu-In-Ga ternary alloys; Wear; Toughness; Hardness

Funding

AOARD [FA2386-19-1-4039]
Ramanujan fellowship of SERB, India
STARS project by MHRD, India
Naval Research Board (NRB) of Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) India

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Abstract

Novel Cu-Ga-In alloys were designed with systematic variation to mimic nature-inspired structures, confirmed the presence of liquid and solid solution phases using various characterization techniques, and demonstrated the significant effect of the liquid phase in increasing ductility and toughness, as well as improving wear properties. The alloys showed better hardness and reasonable yield strength compared to existing copper alloys.

In this work, novel Cu-Ga-In alloys are designed with systematic variation in the liquid and solid solution phases to mimic the nature-inspired structures and their properties. A combination of characterization techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D X-ray tomography along with thermodynamic calculations confirm the presence of liquid and solid solution phases in the micro-structure. The effect of the liquid phase in increasing the ductility and toughness is clearly demonstrated in the present study. It is shown that the liquid phase can arrest the crack movement during the fracture that leads to improved toughness in the Cu-Ga-In based alloys. Moreover, the presence of the liquid phase also improves the wear properties of these alloys. The present alloys exhibited better hardness and reasonable yield strength compared to the existing Cu alloys in the literature. Especially Cu65In20Ga15 alloy exhibits the hardness of 660Hv and the yield strength of 335.49 MPa which is higher than conventional copper alloys.

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Achieving optimal wear performance for highly-eutectic Cu-Ti alloys via the liquid-solid reaction approach

Chao Liu, Yonggang Fan, Wenya Li, Onuralp Yucel, Cong Wang

Summary: A series of Cu-Ti alloys were prepared by the liquid-solid reaction approach under a high vacuum environment, resulting in highly-eutectic microstructures composed of CuTi and CuTi2 phases. Vicker hardness tests showed that the hardness values of CuTi and CuTi2 were 304 ± 15 HV and 683 ± 27 HV, respectively. Quantitative phase identification revealed that the volume fraction of eutectic structure initially increased and then decreased as the Ti content increased from 53 at% to 61 at%, with values of 18.8 ± 3.4%, 94.6 ± 3.5%, and 54.4 ± 4.5%, respectively. The optimal wear performance was achieved when the Ti content reached 57 at%, which corresponded to the highest volume fraction of the eutectic structure (94.6 ± 3.5%). The findings provide a viable and cost-effective approach to fabricating wear resistant alloys in a controllable manner. Data availability: No data was used for the research described in the article.

MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS (2023)