Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Riccardo Raho, Elisa Scarpa, Antonio Nunzio D'Angelo, Denis Desmaele, Federica Raheli, Antonio Qualtieri, Francesco Rizzi, Massimo De Vittorio
Summary: This paper reports on the fabrication and characterization of a novel reusable Flexible Dry Electrode (FDE) for medical applications. The FDEs were made using two flexible substrates and conductive layers, and their performance was tested and compared to commercial gel electrodes. The results showed that the FDEs had comparable performance in bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measurements and demonstrated promising long-term reliability for wearable and portable devices.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lauren W. Taylor, Steven M. Williams, J. Stephen Yan, Oliver S. Dewey, Flavia Vitale, Matteo Pasquali
Summary: Research using carbon nanotube threads for electronic accessories shows great potential in the field of wearable electronics, providing soft, comfortable electronic textiles with excellent signal transmission capabilities.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Tiago Nunes, Hugo Placido da Silva
Summary: This study evaluates the electrical behavior and performance of dry electrodes for biopotential monitoring, comparing them to conventional Ag/AgCl gelled electrodes. The results suggest that dry electrodes are a suitable replacement for the gelled electrodes, providing comparable signals without the need for gel and easy integration into fabric for long-term monitoring scenarios.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Kun Huang, Junchen Liu, Sen Lin, Yufeng Wu, Enfu Chen, Zhaofeng He, Ming Lei
Summary: The newly developed AgPHPUS ECG electrode has a unique structure, with good flexibility and stability, accurately collecting ECG signals during long-term and repeated use.
ADVANCED COMPOSITES AND HYBRID MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hongyan Wu, Hang Cai, Shichao Zhang, Jianyong Yu, Bin Ding
Summary: This study reports a scalable strategy to improve the mechanical properties and washability of nanofibrous sponges through a rigid-flexible coupling architecture and chemical modification. The resulting micro/nanofibrous sponges are ultralight, superelastic, and washable, exhibiting high resilience, superior compressive fatigue resistance, and low-temperature-resistant superelasticity. The unique structures of high porosity, high tortuosity, and small pores enable the sponges to be lightweight and have effective warmth retention.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tao Ma, Yong Lin, Xiaohui Ma, Jiaxue Zhang, Dongchan Li, Desheng Kong
Summary: Stretchable epidermal electronics, such as the MRUCN electrode, allow comfortable interactions with the human body for wearable health monitoring and therapy applications. The MRUCN electrode, consisting of a microfoam reinforced ultrathin conductive nanocomposite, exhibits high moisture permeability and excellent electronic conductivity. It is also washable and retains stable electrical properties, making it suitable for repetitive uses in various epidermal electronic devices and systems.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Penghai Li, Juanjuan Huang, Mingji Li, Hongji Li
Summary: In this study, PDMS filled with copper sulphate crystals, TiO2 nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes was used as a flexible matrix to fabricate semi-dry multi-claws and 19-channel electrodes for EEG recording. These flexible electrodes showed good adhesion and reduced contact resistance, resulting in accurate and stable EEG signal recording.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Xin Wang, Shuting Liu, Mingxing Zhu, Yuchao He, Zhilong Wei, Yingying Wang, Yangjie Xu, Hongguang Pan, Weimin Huang, Shixiong Chen, Guanglin Li
Summary: Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a critical physiological indicator that contains abundant information about human heart activities. By introducing wearable biosensors (WBS) technique, a flexible non-contact electrode is proposed, which can monitor the ECG signals during exercise for a long time and obtain high-quality signals.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Aljawharah A. Alsharif, Nataly S. S. Milan Cucuri, Rishabh B. Mishra, Nazek El-Atab
Summary: 3D printed on-skin electrodes have advantages over traditional wet electrodes such as personalization and the use of different materials with distinct properties. Dry electrodes also eliminate the need for electrolyte gel. However, challenges arise in optimizing performance, especially when scaling down the electrodes. This review provides a reference guide on 3D printing techniques and materials for dry EP electrodes and biosignal sensing methodologies.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ladan Eskandarian, Amirali Toossi, Farah Nassif, Sahar Golmohammadi Rostami, Siting Ni, Amin Mahnam, Milad Alizadeh Meghrazi, Wataru Takarada, Takeshi Kikutani, Hani E. Naguib
Summary: This paper proposes flexible, breathable, and washable dry textile electrodes made of conductive elastomeric filaments (CEFs) to address the limitations of wearables for continuous monitoring. The CEF electrodes are found to have comparable fidelity to gold standard gel electrodes and are resistant to repeated wash and dry cycles. Smart undergarments with these textile electrodes successfully perform long-term continuous ECG monitoring.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Huating Tu, Xiaoou Li, Xiangde Lin, Chenhong Lang, Yang Gao
Summary: This study demonstrates a dry electrode for ECG monitoring made by screen printing conductive ink on ordinary polyester fabric. The screen-printed textile electrodes exhibit good electrical and electrochemical properties and excellent ECG signal acquisition performance. Furthermore, they maintain flexibility and durability even after repeated bending and washing cycles, providing favorable support for the design of flexible and wearable electrophysiological sensing platforms.
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Jia-Horng Lin, Xiangdong Fu, Ting-Ting Li, Xuefei Zhang, Bobo Zhao, Bing-Chiuan Shiu, Huiquan Wang, Qian Jiang, Ching-Wen Lou
Summary: This study prepared flexible conductive composite fabrics by coating them with PEDOT:PSS polymer, optimizing the electrical performance and bacteriostasis rate. The resulting PET-based composite fabric electrode showed stable ECG signals and comfort for long-term use.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Simin Masihi, Masoud Panahi, Dinesh Maddipatla, Anthony J. Hanson, Stephen Fenech, Lucas Bonek, Nicholas Sapoznik, Paul D. Fleming, Bradley J. Bazuin, Massood Z. Atashbar
Summary: A flexible wireless electrocardiogram (ECG) device integrated with fabric was developed for monitoring physiological signals in wearable biomedical applications. The device demonstrated similar performance to conventional wet ECG electrodes in terms of signal intensity and correlation. Additionally, the dry electrodes showed better signal-to-noise ratio than commercially available wet electrodes. The fabric-based dry electrodes also performed similar to conventional wet electrodes during physiological activities under exercise motions.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jiewei Lai, Huixin Tan, Jinliang Wang, Lei Ji, Jun Guo, Baoshi Han, Yajun Shi, Qianjin Feng, Wei Yang
Summary: Cardiovascular disease is a global public health problem, and intelligent diagnostic approaches are important in ECG analysis. Convenient wearable ECG devices can detect transient arrhythmias and enable intervention during continuous monitoring. The researchers collected a large dataset of wearable 12-lead ECGs and developed a model that can classify 60 ECG diagnostic terms using self-supervised learning.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shanshan Yao, Weixin Zhou, Robert Hinson, Penghao Dong, Shuang Wu, Jasmine Ives, Xiaogang Hu, He Huang, Yong Zhu
Summary: This article reports the fabrication and applications of ultrasoft breathable dry electrodes that can address several challenges for their long-term wearable applications. The proposed electrodes rely on porous and conductive silver nanowire-based nanocomposites, eliminating the necessity of conductive gel while establishing a low electrode-skin impedance. These electrodes allow for efficient monitoring of heart, muscle, and brain activities, and they have the potential for prosthesis control, neurorehabilitation, and virtual reality.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)