Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Phillip Won, Kyun Kyu Kim, Hyeonseok Kim, Jung Jae Park, Inho Ha, Jaeho Shin, Jinwook Jung, Hyunmin Cho, Jinhyeong Kwon, Habeom Lee, Seung Hwan Ko
Summary: The emergence of soft robotics has significantly improved robots, wearables, and manufacturing processes by utilizing fully soft-bodied systems that interact safely with various surfaces while offering excellent mechanical compliance. Recent advancements in transparent soft actuators and sensors have led to the development of robots that can function visually and mechanically unhindered, expanding their applications in different fields. Imperceptible soft robotics, consisting of optically transparent hardware components, is expected to be a key focus in future research, including imperceptible transparent soft robotics and camouflage skins for robots.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Gina Olson, Julie A. Adams, Yigit Menguc
Summary: Current soft robotic arms commonly follow traditional design conventions, which limit the design space. This article analyzes fluid-driven soft arm architectures inspired by cephalopods, investigating the performance implications of a morphology closer to nature. The study finds that many-actuator soft arms achieve high strokes and quasi-omnidirectionality, as well as execute near constant-curvature turns.
BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS
(2022)
Article
Robotics
Shuguang Li, Samer A. Awale, Katharine E. Bacher, Thomas J. Buchner, Cosimo Della Santina, Robert J. Wood, Daniela Rus
Summary: Industrial robots are achieving remarkable advancements in production lines today, but there is a clear safety gap between these powerful machines and humans. Soft robotics research offers a promising solution for safe interaction between humans and robots in various environments and tasks.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yuwei Ju, Run Hu, Yan Xie, Jianpeng Yao, Xiaoxiang Li, Yiliang Lv, Xiaotao Han, Quanliang Cao, Liang Li
Summary: Magnetic soft robots have gained increasing attention for their advantages and potential applications, with a new method for flexible and reconfigurable magnetization distribution. Various superior magnetic soft robots have been developed, paving the way for practical applications and future development of soft robots.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jiangtan Yuan, Stephanie E. Liu, Ahish Shylendra, William A. Gaviria Rojas, Silu Guo, Hadallia Bergeron, Shaowei Li, Hong-Sub Lee, Shamma Nasrin, Vinod K. Sangwan, Amit Ranjan Trivedi, Mark C. Hersam
Summary: This study introduces a memtransistor with gate-tunable dynamic learning behavior, enhancing reconfigurability of device response for diverse learning curves and simplified plasticity. Inspired by biological systems, gate pulses are used to modulate unsupervised and continuous learning in simulated neural networks.
Article
Robotics
Julie Legrand, Seppe Terryn, Ellen Roels, Bram Vanderborght
Summary: This study proposes a method for making voxels using reversible Diels-Alder polymers to address the issue of failure at the interface of soft multi-material voxels. By utilizing these materials, strong chemical connections can be maintained while allowing for reconfiguration. This enables the voxels to be disassembled and reassembled in a sustainable and economical way, allowing for iterative validation and fine-tuning of simulated voxel-based robots.
IEEE ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Robotics
Jun Liu, Jin Huat Low, Qian Qian Han, Marisa Lim, Dingjie Lu, Chen-Hua Yeow, Zhuangjian Liu
Summary: This article introduces a simulation aided data-driven optimization framework for guiding the design of a reconfigurable soft gripper system. By creating a simulation model and an artificial neural network, it enables optimal design and enhanced grasping capability, holding great potential for the development of soft robots in industrial applications.
IEEE ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Jin Huat Low, Phone May Khin, Qian Qian Han, Haicheng Yao, Yee Seng Teoh, Yadan Zeng, Si Li, Jun Liu, Zhuangjian Liu, Pablo Valdivia Y Alvarado, I-Ming Chen, Benjamin Chee Keong Tee, Raye Chen Hua Yeow
Summary: This article introduces a versatile soft robotic gripper system that can handle different food samples efficiently and safely. By integrating vision and tactile sensing facilities, the gripper's capability is optimized for various gripping tasks.
IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Jin Huat Low, Phone May Khin, Qian Qian Han, Haicheng Yao, Yee Seng Teoh, Yadan Zeng, Si Li, Jun Liu, Zhuangjian Liu, Pablo Valdivia Y Alvarado, I-Ming Chen, Benjamin Chee Keong Tee, Raye Chen Hua Yeow
Summary: This article introduces a versatile soft robotic gripper system for handling food samples of different shapes, sizes, and stiffness. By integrating vision and tactile sensing facilities, the system's capability is optimized for various gripping tasks. The system has been shown to perform high-speed pick-and-place tasks with object recognition system, making it a potential solution for food and grocery supply chain needs.
IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yangyang Xin, Xinran Zhou, Hyunwoo Bark, Pooi See Lee
Summary: Soft grippers are crucial for handling delicate objects without causing any damage. This article reviews the use of 3D printing technologies in soft grippers, discussing the materials and printing processes involved. The application and potential development of 3D printing in soft grippers are also examined.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Robotics
Snehal Jain, Saikrishna Dontu, Joanne Ee Mei Teoh, Pablo Valdiva Y. Alvarado
Summary: This article introduces a reconfigurable workspace soft gripper that uses compliant structures and pneumatic actuators to adapt to various grasping tasks. Finite element analysis is used to design the actuators and materials, and the gripper's various grasping capabilities and workspace reconfiguration are demonstrated.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Vanessa Sanchez, Conor J. Walsh, Robert J. Wood
Summary: Textiles are a promising material platform for developing wearable robots, thanks to their flexibility, low weight, breathability, and programmability at multiple scales. Robotists have started using textiles as functional components for actuation and sensing, while materials scientists are developing new materials that respond to thermal, electrical, and hygroscopic stimuli. This highlights the potential of textiles for wearable robotic garments and the importance of materials development.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Robotics
Murat Kaynak, Amit Dolev, Mahmut Selman Sakar
Summary: This study demonstrates that programmed commands can be contained on 3D nanoprinted polymer systems by introducing selectively excited air bubbles and rationally designed compliant mechanisms. The dynamics of bubble oscillators reveal rich acoustofluidic interactions that can be programmed in space and time.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Yoav Matia, Gregory H. Kaiser, Robert F. Shepherd, Amir D. Gat, Nathan Lazarus, Kirstin H. Petersen
Summary: This paper demonstrates complex motion in soft, fluid-driven actuators composed of elastomer bladders. The motion is generated using a single pressure input and viscous flows within the actuator to produce nonuniform pressure. A predictive model is used to capture all dynamic interactions, and five design elements are described and demonstrated. The benefits of viscous-driven soft actuators are showcased in a six-legged untethered robot.
ADVANCED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
(2023)
Review
Computer Science, Information Systems
Muhammad Aitsam, Sergio Davies, Alessandro Di Nuovo
Summary: This article provides a systematic review of the applications of neuromorphic computing in socially interactive robotics. It introduces the basic principles, models, and architectures of neuromorphic computation, and classifies the remaining articles based on their focused applications. Potential research topics for fully integrated socially interactive neuromorphic robots are also identified.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Fabian Meder, Bilge Baytekin, Emanuela Del Dottore, Yasmine Meroz, Falk Tauber, Ian Walker, Barbara Mazzolai
Summary: The diversity of the Plant Kingdom provides opportunities for inspiration in science and engineering innovations. In the field of robotics, researchers have been reproducing complex plant functions, leading to functionality beyond traditional robots.
BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Riddhi Das, Saravana Prashanth Murali Babu, Francesco Visentin, Stefano Palagi, Barbara Mazzolai
Summary: This study presents the design and development of a modular soft robot based on a peristaltic soft actuator (PSA). The PSA can switch between two active configurations by altering the input pressure, generating both axial penetration and radial anchorage forces through bidirectional deformation. The performance of the PSA depends on the fluid confined in the elastomer chamber, allowing the robot to perform peristaltic locomotion in different media. The study also investigates the role of friction through the attachment of passive scales resembling earthworm setae to the ventral side of the robot.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Cosimo Micheletti, Valentina Antonia Dini, Marco Carlotti, Francesco Fuso, Damiano Genovese, Nelsi Zaccheroni, Chiara Gualandi, Andrea Pucci
Summary: A straightforward method for preparing mechanochromic polymers involves incorporating a suitable content of a mechanophore in the polymeric matrix either by physical dispersion or via covalent functionalization. In this study, a thermoplastic elastomer was covalently functionalized with a chromogenic unit and showed a detectable and reversible mechanochromic response starting from 50% strain.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Frank Marco den Hoed, Andrea Ottomaniello, Omar Tricinci, Luca Ceseracciu, Marco Carlotti, Patrizio Raffa, Virgilio Mattoli
Summary: This study presents a novel technique for the realization of 3D micro-structures on complex surfaces with high conformability. The method involves two-photon polymerization of micro-structures on polymeric nano-membranes, which can be efficiently transferred to a target surface. Ultra-thin polymeric films are used as support to suspend and transfer the printed micro-structures. The technique offers flexibility in choice of structures, materials, transfer procedures, and substrate geometries.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Corrado De Pascali, Stefano Palagi, Barbara Mazzolai
Summary: In this study, three biomimetic muscle architectures based on hierarchical arrangements of multiple pneumatic actuators were presented. These structures were directly 3D printed from low-cost printers and commercial materials, and regulated by fiber recruitment strategies to mimic the behavior of natural muscles. This research facilitates the development of articulated muscular systems for biomimetic machines that can perform articulated movements similar to the natural ones.
BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Stefano Mariani, Luca Cecchini, Alessio Mondini, Emanuela Del Dottore, Marilena Ronzan, Carlo Filippeschi, Nicola Maria Pugno, Edoardo Sinibaldi, Barbara Mazzolai
Summary: Combined photothermal-hygroscopic effects enable novel materials actuation strategies based on renewable and sustainable energy sources such as sunlight. Plasmonic nanoparticles have gained considerable interest as photothermal agents, however, the employment in sunlight-driven photothermal-hygroscopic actuators is still bounded, mainly due to the limited absorbance once integrated into nanocomposite actuators and the restricted plasmonic peaks amplitude (compared to the solar spectrum). Herein, the design and fabrication of an AgNPs-based plasmonic photothermal-hygroscopic actuator integrated with printed cellulose tracks are reported (bioinspired to Geraniaceae seeds structures).
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Robotics
Serena Armiento, Fabian Meder, Barbara Mazzolai
Summary: Soft (bio)hybrid robotics aims to connect living beings with artificial technology. Recent advancements allow for the conversion of wind-driven leaf fluttering and raindrop kinetic energy into electricity by coupling plant leaves with artificial leaves. The integration of an electrification layer and exposed electrodes on the artificial leaf's upper surface enables the production of significant current when raindrops land and spread on the device. This technology has the potential for multi-source energy harvesting and self-powered sensing applications in various fields.
IEEE ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Robotics
Serena R. M. Pirrone, Emanuela Del Dottore, Luc Sibille, Barbara Mazzolai
Summary: This letter presents a methodology using a 3-D numerical model based on the DEM to investigate soil penetration requirements for designing robotic soil excavators and explorers. The study analyzes the penetration process based on the intruder diameter to median particle size ratio and estimates the soil resistance force for autonomous penetration systems in cohesionless granular soil. The research compares different penetration strategies, providing important guidelines for designing artificial penetrating systems for underground exploration.
IEEE ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Robotics
Goffredo Giordano, Saravana Prashanth Murali Babu, Barbara Mazzolai
Summary: Soft robotics technology can contribute to the achievement of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Climate Agreement by developing autonomous machines powered by renewable energy. It can mitigate the impact of climate change on society and the environment through adaptation, restoration, and remediation. Additionally, it offers potential for advancements in material science, biology, control systems, energy efficiency, and sustainable manufacturing processes. However, further improvements are needed in understanding biological principles, environment-friendly materials, and energy-saving strategies to design and manufacture self-piloting soft robots. This paper provides insights into how soft robotics can address the pressing issue of environmental sustainability.
FRONTIERS IN ROBOTICS AND AI
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alberto Picchi, Andrea Pucci, Marco Carlotti
Summary: Safe and visually appealing experiments using luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) can help the public understand the role of chemistry and materials in the energy transition. This study demonstrates the fabrication of LSCs using common food materials, making it safe and rapid without affecting performance. The development of a simple characterization method using smartphones adds to the appeal of this approach for disseminating knowledge about fluorescence and real-world applications.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Basit Yaqoob, Emanuela Del Dottore, Alessio Mondini, Andrea Rodella, Barbara Mazzolai, Nicola M. Pugno
Summary: The current study investigates the interaction between the body and environment and explores the use of passive viscoelastic properties of the body for undulatory locomotion. The results show that the environment affects the performance of undulatory locomotion, and the spatial distribution of body stiffness plays a role in speed performance. In addition, contact mechanics have an impact on locomotion kinematics. This research explains how terrestrial limbless animals achieve undulatory locomotion by utilizing the passive properties of the body and the environment.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Elisa Della Latta, Francesca Sabatini, Cosimo Micheletti, Marco Carlotti, Francesca Martini, Francesca Nardelli, Antonella Battisti, Ilaria Degano, Marco Geppi, Andrea Pucci, Svenja Pohl, Guido Kickelbick
Summary: In this study, flexible luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) with a size of 5 x 5 cm(2) were prepared by integrating a reactive perylene bisimide fluorophore (FC546) into a polysiloxane network. The LSCs exhibited higher thermal and light stability, as well as superior device efficiency, compared to other similar-sized flexible LSC systems.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Basit Yaqoob, Andrea Rodella, Emanuela Del Dottore, Alessio Mondini, Barbara Mazzolai, Nicola M. M. Pugno
Summary: This study explores the passive role of body stiffness and internal losses in undulatory locomotion, and how they interact with the environment to optimize speed and adaptability. The results show that body stiffness, moment of inertia, frictional coefficient ratio, and internal damping play a crucial role in this optimization. The model is validated by comparing it with data from a real animal's speed.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Ebrahim Shahabi, Francesco Visentin, Alessio Mondini, Barbara Mazzolai
Summary: This article presents soft sensorized suction cups inspired by the suckers of Octopus vulgaris, which have the potential to optimize sensing and grasping capabilities. The artificial suckers integrate four embedded strain sensors, allowing accurate detection of the direction and angle of a touched inclined surface, as well as the stiffness of a touched flat object. The experimental results, based on data processing using neural networks, show low errors in angle and direction detection, and high accuracy in material classification both in air and underwater.
ADVANCED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Marco Carlotti, Tommaso Losi, Francesco De Boni, Federico Maria Vivaldi, Esteban Araya-Hermosilla, Mirko Prato, Andrea Pucci, Mario Caironi, Virgilio Mattoli
Summary: The possibility of generating regions with different electronic properties within the same organic semiconductor thin film could lead to new opportunities for designing and fabricating organic electronic devices and circuits. This study introduces a new approach using a highly processable polymer precursor to yield two different conjugated polymers with complementary electronic properties. The precursor can be functionalized to improve solubility or insert specific functionalities, and high-molecular-weight conjugated polymers can be prepared without solubilizing side chains. Thin films of the precursor can be transformed to create single organic layers with regions of different chemical nature and electronic properties.
