Article
Environmental Sciences
Julian Villamayor, Fernando Iglesias-Suarez, Carlos A. Cuevas, Rafael P. Fernandez, Qinyi Li, Marta Abalos, Ryan Hossaini, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Douglas E. Kinnison, Simone Tilmes, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
Summary: In contrast to the overall recovery of stratospheric ozone, recent observations show ongoing net ozone depletion in the tropical lower stratosphere. This depletion is thought to be driven by dynamical transport accelerated by global warming, while chemical processes have been considered unimportant. However, using a chemistry-climate model, researchers demonstrate that halogenated ozone-depleting very short-lived substances (VSLS) chemistry may account for a significant portion of this observed ozone loss. They predict that the contribution of VSLS to ozone depletion will persist throughout the twenty-first century in the tropical lower stratosphere, emphasizing the need for mitigation strategies to preserve the ozone layer in low latitudes.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Liaona She, Hao Cheng, Ziyan Yuan, Zeyu Shen, Qian Wu, Wei Zhong, Shichao Zhang, Bing Zhang, Chengwu Liu, Mingchang Zhang, Hongge Pan, Yingying Lu
Summary: This review summarizes the fundamental mechanisms and scientific issues associated with aqueous zinc-halogen batteries (AZHBs), and discusses the research issues and progresses related to the cathode, separator, anode, and electrolyte. It also explores emerging research opportunities in this field and presents ideas and prospects for the future development of AZHBs.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Virginie Marecal, Ronan Voisin-Plessis, Tjarda Jane Roberts, Alessandro Aiuppa, Herizo Narivelo, Paul David Hamer, Beatrice Josse, Jonathan Guth, Luke Surl, Lisa Grellier
Summary: This study aims to establish a framework for 3D modeling of volcanic halogen emissions to determine their fate in the volcanic plume and atmosphere. Using emissions from the Mount Etna eruption, it is found that the distribution of bromine species in volcanic plumes is consistent with previous studies. Sensitivity tests show that the plume chemistry is sensitive to various parameters. Overall, the developed model is able to produce expected halogen chemistry in volcanic plumes during daytime and night-time.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Luke Surl, Tjarda Roberts, Slimane Bekki
Summary: Volcanoes emit halogens into the atmosphere, causing complex chemical reactions which lead to ozone destruction. Using a case study of the Mount Etna plume in 2012, it was found that there is a strong negative correlation between ozone and SO2 levels in the plume. The newly developed WRF-Chem Volcano (WCV) model was able to simulate the early evolution of the passively degassing plume and reproduce bromine explosions in volcanic plumes.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Damien Degoulange, Gwenaelle Rousse, Alexis Grimaud
Summary: This research finds that modular electrolytes, such as aqueous biphasic systems (ABS), can promote the formation of trihalides, enabling high-potential aqueous batteries. It also reveals that confined trihalides can spontaneously intercalate in the graphite positive electrode, paving the way for developing innovative intercalation-type batteries or membrane-less redox-flow batteries.
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shaddy Ahmed, Jennie L. Thomas, Helene Angot, Aurelien Dommergue, Stephen D. Archer, Ludovic Bariteau, Ivo Beck, Nuria Benavent, Anne-Marlene Blechschmidt, Byron Blomquist, Matthew Boyer, Jesper H. Christensen, Sandro Dahlke, Ashu Dastoor, Detlev Helmig, Dean Howard, Hans-Werner Jacobi, Tuija Jokinen, Remy Lapere, Tiia Laurila, Lauriane L. J. Quelever, Andreas Richter, Andrei Ryjkov, Anoop S. Mahajan, Louis Marelle, Katrine Aspmo Pfaffhuber, Kevin Posman, Annette Rinke, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Julia Schmale, Henrik Skov, Alexandra Steffen, Geoff Stupple, Jochen Stutz, Oleg Travnikov, Bianca Zilker
Summary: Near-surface mercury and ozone depletion events occur in the lowest part of the atmosphere during Arctic spring, driven by reactive halogen radicals released from snow, ice, and aerosols. This study added Arctic bromine and chlorine chemistry to a model to simulate the hourly and daily variability of Arctic mercury depletion. The model predicts that bromine chemistry is a major contributor to elemental mercury oxidation and that most oxidized mercury deposited to land-based snow is re-emitted to the atmosphere.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yeqi Huang, Xingcheng Lu, Jimmy C. H. Fung, Golam Sarwar, Zhenning Li, Qinyi Li, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Alexis K. H. Lau
Summary: Recent studies have focused on the chemistry of tropospheric halogen species and their impact on tropospheric ozone levels. Bromine and iodine chemistry have been found to significantly affect tropospheric ozone in the Asia-Pacific region, with strong seasonal variations and influences from meteorological factors.
Article
Geology
Tobias Fusswinkel, Paula Niinikoski-Fusswinkel, Thomas Wagner
Summary: Halogens are important tracers in crustal fluids, and their ratios remain relatively constant during fluid-rock interactions. We used a novel method to study metamorphic systems from different geological eras and found that the halogen characteristics are controlled by the interaction between organic matter and fluids. Metamorphic fluids from the Archean era have distinct halogen signatures due to the absence of iodine-bearing metabolites produced by ancient prokaryotic life forms.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Tatjana Epp, Michael A. W. Marks, Harald Neidhardt, Yvonne Oelmann, Gregor Markl
Summary: Despite efforts to understand the role of halogens in soil, more research is needed on their concentration in different soil fractions and their sorption behavior. This study provides new data on the sorption behavior of halogens in forest soil, showing differences between fluorine and the heavier halogens (chlorine, bromine, iodine) and the influence of soil particle sizes. Understanding the chemical behavior of halogens in soils is important for the retention of pollutants in landfills or radioactive waste disposal.
AMERICAN MINERALOGIST
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Javier A. Barrera, Douglas E. Kinnison, Rafael P. Fernandez, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Carlos A. Cuevas, Simone Tilmes, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
Summary: This study investigates the impact of anthropogenically amplified natural emissions of halogenated species on tropospheric ozone under pre-industrial and present-day atmospheric conditions using the CAM-Chem model. The results show that natural halogens have a slightly greater effect on tropospheric ozone depletion in pre-industrial conditions, with bromine playing a more significant role in this period.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Javier A. Barrera, Douglas E. Kinnison, Rafael P. Fernandez, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Carlos A. Cuevas, Simone Tilmes, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
Summary: This study investigates the impact of reactive halogens on tropospheric ozone under pre-industrial and present-day atmospheric conditions. The results show that natural halogens have a slightly larger effect on tropospheric ozone in the pre-industrial period compared to the present-day period.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xuan Wang, Daniel J. Jacob, William Downs, Shuting Zhai, Lei Zhu, Viral Shah, Christopher D. Holmes, Tomas Sherwen, Becky Alexander, Mathew J. Evans, Sebastian D. Eastham, J. Andrew Neuman, Patrick R. Veres, Theodore K. Koenig, Rainer Volkamer, L. Gregory Huey, Thomas J. Bannan, Carl J. Percival, Ben H. Lee, Joel A. Thornton
Summary: An updated mechanism for tropospheric halogen chemistry in the GEOS-Chem model improves the efficiency of recycling and mobilization of bromine radicals, resulting in a lower global mean tropospheric BrO mixing ratio of 0.19 ppt. Model simulations show that Cl atoms contribute 0.8% of the global oxidation of methane. The study highlights the importance of halogen chemistry in influencing tropospheric oxidants and ozone concentrations.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Si Liu, Weinan Chen, Chuan Yan, Fan Zhou, Zhanglang Zhou, Min Wang, Gang Zhou
Summary: Incorporating tellurium into polycyclic compounds can give them unique chemical and optoelectronic properties not found in their lighter chalcogen counterparts. A telluropyran-containing polycyclic compound (T1) synthesized from the corresponding tellurophene analogue can be reversibly oxidized into halogen adducts T1 center dot X-2 (X=Cl, Br, I) with the formation of two Te-X bonds. The oxidation of Te(II) in T1 to Te(IV) in T1 center dot X-2 triggers a transition from aromaticity to nonaromaticity in the six-membered telluropyran ring.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrea Spolaor, Francois Burgay, Rafael P. Fernandez, Clara Turetta, Carlos A. Cuevas, Kitae Kim, Douglas E. Kinnison, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Fabrizio de Blasi, Elena Barbaro, Juan Pablo Corella, Paul Vallelonga, Massimo Frezzotti, Carlo Barbante, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
Summary: The study presents the first iodine record from the interior of Antarctica, indicating a twofold decrease in iodine concentration in ice since the onset of the ozone hole era, suggesting that the decrease is caused by enhanced iodine re-emission from snowpack due to increased UV radiation reaching the Antarctic Plateau. This highlights the potential for ice core iodine records from the inner Antarctic Plateau to serve as an archive for past stratospheric ozone trends.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Cyril Caram, Sophie Szopa, Anne Cozic, Slimane Bekki, Carlos A. Cuevas, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
Summary: The atmospheric chemistry of halogenated species plays a significant role in the global chemical sink of tropospheric ozone and affects the oxidising capacity of the troposphere, notably by influencing the atmospheric lifetime of methane. This study implemented tropospheric sources and chemistry of halogens in the LMDZ-INCA model and evaluated their effects on the tropospheric ozone budget. The results showed that the model satisfactorily simulated the impact of halogens on the photo-oxidising system, with a significant decrease in ozone burden, OH, and NOx when tropospheric halogens were considered.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Physical
Ibon Alkorta, John M. C. Plane, Jose Elguero, Juan Z. Davalos, A. Ulises Acuna, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
Summary: In this study, the authors address the argument raised in a previous comment regarding the energy of the NO3 radical and its impact on the reaction profiles of the NO3 radical with various compounds. They used 49 DFT functionals to obtain the optimized geometry of the NO3 radical and compared the results from different functionals. The thermodynamic values of three reactions were calculated using the functionals with smaller errors and compared with experimental data. The authors also recalculated the barriers of the reactions using these functionals and observed a difference of 10.5 kJ mol(-1) compared to the results obtained with the M08HX functional.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ernesto Pino-Cortes, Katherine Gomez, Fernando Gonzalez Taboada, Joshua S. Fu, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Juan Hofer
Summary: This study describes a method to adapt the CAMS-GLOB-OCE dataset for use in the preprocessor software SMOKE. The method involves updating file attributes and bilinear interpolation of compound emission fields. Testing the method with halocarbon and DMS emissions fields around Antarctica showed its potential for including marine emissions in air quality studies.
AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Charel Wohl, Qinyi Li, Carlos A. Cuevas, Rafael P. Fernandez, Mingxi Yang, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Rafel Simo
Summary: Measurements of benzene and toluene in the remote Southern Ocean and the Arctic marginal ice zone suggest a marine biogenic source. Calculated emission fluxes for benzene and toluene in the Southern Ocean were 0.023 +/- 0.030 and 0.039 +/- 0.036 μmol m-2 day-1, while in the Arctic, they were 0.023 +/- 0.028 and 0.034 +/- 0.041 μmol m-2 day-1, respectively. These emissions, previously overlooked, have a significant impact on secondary organic aerosol mass concentrations, particularly over the Southern Ocean.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Wuhu Feng, John M. C. Plane, Martyn P. P. Chipperfield, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Jean-Paul Booth
Summary: We used a 3-D Whole Atmospheric Community Climate Model to examine the effects of small satellite launches with an iodine propulsion system on stratospheric ozone depletion. The model suggests that the emissions from these satellites can reach the troposphere within a 4-year timescale. In the base case scenario of 40,000 small satellite launches per year, the impact on global stratospheric ozone is negligible, while a 100-fold increase in launch rate could lead to significant ozone depletion over the polar regions.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Delia Segato, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Anoop Sharad Mahajan, Feiyue Wang, Juan Pablo Corella, Carlos Alberto Cuevas, Tobias Erhardt, Camilla Marie Jensen, Chantal Zeppenfeld, Helle Astrid Kjaer, Clara Turetta, Warren Raymond Lee Cairns, Carlo Barbante, Andrea Spolaor
Summary: According to ice-core data and atmospheric chemistry modeling, deposition of mercury onto the Greenland Ice Sheet increased during the transition from the Last Glacial Termination to the early Holocene epoch. This increase was associated with regional climate warming and the retreat of sea ice, driven by oceanic mercury evaporation and atmospheric bromine. The findings suggest that climate change may contribute to higher mercury levels in Arctic ecosystems.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Javier A. Barrera, Douglas E. Kinnison, Rafael P. Fernandez, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Carlos A. Cuevas, Simone Tilmes, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
Summary: This study investigates the impact of anthropogenically amplified natural emissions of halogenated species on tropospheric ozone under pre-industrial and present-day atmospheric conditions using the CAM-Chem model. The results show that natural halogens have a slightly greater effect on tropospheric ozone depletion in pre-industrial conditions, with bromine playing a more significant role in this period.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Rafael P. P. Fernandez, Qinyi Li, Carlos A. A. Cuevas, Xiao Fu, Douglas E. E. Kinnison, Simone Tilmes, Anoop S. S. Mahajan, Juan Carlos Gomez Martin, Fernando Iglesias-Suarez, Ryan Hossaini, John M. C. Plane, Gunnar Myhre, Jean-Francois Lamarque
Summary: Observational evidence suggests that ocean-emitted short-lived halogens have a widespread presence in the global atmosphere. These compounds, both naturally emitted and anthropogenically amplified, have a significant cooling effect on Earth's radiative balance. This effect has increased since pre-industrial times and is projected to change further in the future.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Chao Yan, Yee Jun Tham, Wei Nie, Men Xia, Haichao Wang, Yishuo Guo, Wei Ma, Junlei Zhan, Chenjie Hua, Yuanyuan Li, Chenjuan Deng, Yiran Li, Feixue Zheng, Xin Chen, Qinyi Li, Gen Zhang, Anoop S. Mahajan, Carlos A. Cuevas, Dan Dan Huang, Zhe Wang, Yele Sun, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Federico Bianchi, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Douglas R. Worsnop, Neil M. Donahue, Jingkun Jiang, Yongchun Liu, Aijun Ding, Markku Kulmala
Summary: This study reveals that the activation of nocturnal nitrogen chemistry during severe haze pollution contributes to the formation of fine particulate matter despite the reduction in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. The heterogeneous reactions of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) dominate the formation of particulate nitrate (pNO(3)(-)) and provide a source of chlorine radicals, leading to the oxidation of volatile organic compounds and the formation of oxygenated organic molecules and secondary organic aerosol.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Cyril Caram, Sophie Szopa, Anne Cozic, Slimane Bekki, Carlos A. Cuevas, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
Summary: The atmospheric chemistry of halogenated species plays a significant role in the global chemical sink of tropospheric ozone and affects the oxidising capacity of the troposphere, notably by influencing the atmospheric lifetime of methane. This study implemented tropospheric sources and chemistry of halogens in the LMDZ-INCA model and evaluated their effects on the tropospheric ozone budget. The results showed that the model satisfactorily simulated the impact of halogens on the photo-oxidising system, with a significant decrease in ozone burden, OH, and NOx when tropospheric halogens were considered.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Francois Burgay, Rafael Pedro Fernandez, Delia Segato, Clara Turetta, Christopher S. Blaszczak-Boxe, Rachael H. Rhodes, Claudio Scarchilli, Virginia Ciardini, Carlo Barbante, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Andrea Spolaor
Summary: Based on a 210-year bromine record, this study finds that the bromine signal in ice at Dome C in East Antarctica is preserved and not influenced by variations in ultraviolet radiation. However, due to limited satellite measurements and low sea-ice variability in the past 30 years, the effectiveness of bromine enrichment as a proxy for past sea-ice reconstructions at Dome C is still uncertain.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Liselotte Tinel, Jonathan Abbatt, Eric Saltzman, Anja Engel, Rafael Fernandez, Qinyi Li, Anoop S. Mahajan, Melinda Nicewonger, Gordon Novak, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Stephanie Schneider, Shanshan Wang
Summary: Ocean biogeochemistry plays a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry by producing and consuming organic compounds and trace gases. Researchers have made progress in understanding the impact of ocean biogeochemistry on gas-phase atmospheric chemistry, but there are still unresolved issues and future research directions.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2023)