Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kamila Misiakiewicz-Has, Dominika Maciejewska-Markiewicz, Sylwia Rzeszotek, Anna Pilutin, Agnieszka Kolasa, Pawel Szumilas, Ewa Stachowska, Barbara Wiszniewska
Summary: The study found that supplementation with TT saponins or saponins with inulin can reduce the level of steatosis in rats with induced type 2 diabetes, with favorable effects on plasma lipid profile. However, additional supplementation with inulin may have a negative effect on liver morphology in the non-diabetes group and plasma glucose in both diabetic and non-diabetic rats. This suggests that a diet enriched with fermentable fibers may have different effects in different organisms, and not all sources and forms of fiber are beneficial to health.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Jeffrey Letourneau, Zachary C. Holmes, Eric P. Dallow, Heather K. Durand, Sharon Jiang, Veronica M. Carrion, Savita K. Gupta, Adam C. Mincey, Michael J. Muehlbauer, James R. Bain, Lawrence A. David
Summary: This study shows that bacterial communities in the human gut microbiome retain an ecological memory of past carbohydrate exposures, which affects their response to future stimuli. The memory is encoded within a day of supplementation and persists for days. The findings also suggest that the gut microbiome's metabolic potential reflects dietary exposures over preceding days and changes rapidly in response to a novel nutrient.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Huanghuang Dai, Akira Otsuka, Kurumi Tanabe, Teruyoshi Yanagita, Jiro Nakayama, Hiroshi Kitagaki
Summary: Glucosylceramide has versatile effects on colon tumorigenesis, skin moisture, cholesterol metabolism, and improvement of intestinal microbes. Research has shown that glucosylceramide can affect the metabolites of intestinal microbes, increase the number of Gram-positive bacteria, and enhance the tolerance of intestinal microbes to secondary bile acid.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Xuan Jiang, Ying Zhang, Huaxing Zhang, Xiaoguang Zhang, Xiaopeng Yin, Fang Yuan, Sheng Wang, Yanming Tian
Summary: This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of acetate, a short-chain fatty acid, on myocardial contraction. It was found that acetate transiently inhibits contraction via the short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR43 in rat cardiomyocytes.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natalia Vallianou, Gerasimos Socrates Christodoulatos, Irene Karampela, Dimitrios Tsilingiris, Faidon Magkos, Theodora Stratigou, Dimitris Kounatidis, Maria Dalamaga
Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, often starting as a benign liver fat accumulation that can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and increase the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent studies have highlighted the role of gut dysbiosis, which can lead to increased gut permeability and the release of toxic bacterial products and proinflammatory cytokines, causing and sustaining inflammation. The composition of the gut microbiota and various metabolites may vary during different stages of NAFLD and among population groups, and further research is needed to determine the causal relationship between gut microbiota profiles and NAFLD in patients. Additionally, multiple metabolites may contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
Article
Cell Biology
GuoYan Wang, SenLin Qin, Lei Chen, HuiJun Geng, YiNing Zheng, Chao Xia, JunHu Yao, Lu Deng
Summary: This study found that sodium butyrate (NaB) enhances RSL3- and erastin-induced cell ferroptosis by downregulating the expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4, leading to lipid ROS production. The FFAR2-AKT-NRF2 and FFAR2-mTORC1 axes mediate the downregulation of SLC7A11 and GPX4 by NaB in a cAMP-PKA-dependent manner. Functionally, NaB inhibits tumor growth and this effect can be reversed by the mTORC1 activator MHY1485 and the ferroptosis inhibitor Ferr-1. Overall, NaB treatment can induce mTOR-dependent ferroptosis and suppress tumor growth, suggesting its potential clinical applications for colorectal cancer treatment.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yaqin Wang, Anne Salonen, Ching Jian
Summary: Globally, childhood and adolescence obesity is a public health crisis. The involvement of gut microbial dysbiosis in obesity offers hope for prevention and treatment. However, there is limited clinical research on the metabolic benefits of prebiotics in children. This review summarizes gut microbiota characteristics, mechanisms of prebiotics, and clinical trials on weight management in children.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
William Kemp, Daniel Clayton-Chubb, Ammar Majeed, Kristen M. Glenister, Dianna J. Magliano, John Lubel, Lisa Bourke, David Simmons, Stuart K. Roberts
Summary: The study found a higher prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) compared to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a well-defined cohort, with the increased prevalence of MAFLD primarily driven by the presence of dual etiologies of liver disease. All participants classified as NAFLD also met the new definition of MAFLD.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nisreen Nimer, Ibrahim Choucair, Zeneng Wang, Ina Nemet, Lin Li, Janet Gukasyan, Taylor L. Weeks, Naim Alkhouri, Nizar Zein, W. H. Wilson Tang, Michael A. Fischbach, J. Mark Brown, Hooman Allayee, Srinivasan Dasarathy, Valentin Gogonea, Stanley L. Hazen
Summary: Metabolomic studies have shown that plasma levels of bile acids are elevated in subjects with NAFLD compared to healthy controls. Specific bile acids are associated with the transition from simple hepatic steatosis to NASH, as well as genetic determinants. This suggests a potential role for bile acid metabolism in the development and progression of NASH.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhengqi Liu, Chunqing Ai, Xinping Lin, Xiaoming Guo, Shuang Song, Beiwei Zhu
Summary: Sulfated polysaccharides from sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus (SCSPsj) modulate gut microbiota by promoting the growth of probiotics. This study investigated the effects of SCSPsj and Lactobacillus gasseri on gut microbiota-altered mice through gut microbiota and metabolomics analysis. The combination of SCSPsj and L. gasseri effectively ameliorated body weight gain and fat accumulation in mice treated with low-dose penicillin, with a better effect attributed to their synergistic effect.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Antwi-Boasiako Oteng, Liu Liu
Summary: Fatty acids and glucose are important biomolecules that serve as energy substrates and signaling molecules. They can be synthesized endogenously and play roles in glucose homeostasis. Activation of specific receptors by fatty acids and bile acids affects the release of key hormones that regulate glucose metabolism.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Hsuan-Wei Chen, Jung-Chun Lin, Ying-Hsuen Wu, Yi-Lin Chiu
Summary: The study revealed that patients with XP have a higher risk of developing NAFLD and exhibit more severe dyslipidemia.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Graciela E. Delgado, Marcus E. Kleber, Angela P. Moissl, Babak Yazdani, Alexander Kusnik, Matthias P. Ebert, Winfried Maerz, Bernhard K. Kraemer, Alexander Lammert, Andreas Teufel
Summary: The study investigated the impact of NAFLD surrogate markers in a large cohort of patients referred to coronary angiography. It was found that NAFLD surrogate markers were not independent risk factors for overall or cardiovascular mortality in patients with CAD. Therefore, these markers may not be useful for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with CAD.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mazen Noureddin, Emily Truong, Jeffrey A. Gornbein, Rola Saouaf, Maha Guindi, Tsuyoshi Todo, Nabil Noureddin, Ju Dong Yang, Stephen A. Harrison, Naim Alkhouri
Summary: The study introduced a highly specific MRI-based score (MAST) to identify patients with Fibro-NASH, outperforming previous scores in non-invasively identifying patients at higher risk of liver disease progression.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Umur Keles, Jin Rong Ow, Katharina Barbara Kuentzel, Li Na Zhao, Philipp Kaldis
Summary: Excessive fat accumulation in the liver is a major health threat globally, with unresolved deposition leading to various diseases. The interaction between metabolites released from the liver and other organs plays a crucial role in the development of fatty liver disease.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lingling Kong, Namiko Hoshi, Yunlong Sui, Yasutaka Yamada, Ryutaro Yoshida, Makoto Ooi, Zibin Tian, Ikuo Kimura, Yuzo Kodama
Summary: This study investigated the role of GPR43 in inhibiting tumor growth. The results showed that GPR43 deficiency may lead to an increase in tumor numbers. The study also revealed the effects of GPR43 deficiency on cellular proliferation and expression of inflammatory cytokines.
MEDICAL PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuho Tamura, Yuta Nakamizo, Yuzo Watanabe, Ikuo Kimura, Hironori Katoh
Summary: This study reveals that the actin-binding protein Filamin A promotes the phosphorylation of EphA2 and plays a crucial role in glioblastoma cell proliferation.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Akari Nishida, Yuna Ando, Ikuo Kimura, Junki Miyamoto
Summary: This article reviews the association between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy homeostasis, with a focus on the risks of obesity and metabolic disorders and the impact of gut microbiota on host energy balance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hazuki Nonaka, Ryuji Ohue-Kitano, Yuki Masujima, Miki Igarashi, Ikuo Kimura
Summary: The intake of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) with C10:0 improves glucose metabolism and protects against obesity through MCFA receptor GPR84-mediated GLP-1 secretion.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fukie Yaoita, Keita Watanabe, Ikuo Kimura, Masayuki Miyazawa, Shinobu Tsuchiya, Makoto Kanzaki, Masahiro Tsuchiya, Koichi Tan-No
Summary: The gut environment, including the microbiota and its metabolites, is crucial for maintaining health. This study suggests that habitual mastication and feeding powdered diets can impact the gut microbiota and environment. The findings reveal that powdered diet feeding leads to changes in the gut microbiota, constipation-like symptoms, and suppressed colonic motility, which can be improved by masticatory activity.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Sawako Tomioka, Natsumi Seki, Yuki Sugiura, Masahiro Akiyama, Jun Uchiyama, Genki Yamaguchi, Kyosukuke Yakabe, Ryuta Eijima, Kouya Hattori, Tatsuki Kimizuka, Yumiko Fujimura, Hiroki Sato, Monica Gondo, Satoru Ozaki, Yoshiko Honme, Makoto Suematsu, Ikuo Kimura, Naohir Inohara, Gabriel Nunez, Koji Hase, Yun-Gi Kim
Summary: This study found that L-arabinose and sucrose interact with gut microbiota and have anti-obesogenic effects. L-arabinose inhibits diet-induced obesity in the presence of sucrose and this effect is abolished in mice lacking SCFA receptors.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yujie Ma, Eunyoung Lee, Hayato Yoshikawa, Tomoe Noda, Junki Miyamoto, Ikuo Kimura, Ryo Hatano, Takashi Miki
Summary: Phloretin suppresses maltose/miglitol-induced GLP-1 secretion through inhibiting SCFAs produced by microbiome. GLUT2 is not essential for glucose/phloridzin-induced GLP-1 secretion.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yuka Yamanouchi, Seita Chudan, Riko Ishibashi, Ryuji Ohue-Kitano, Miyu Nishikawa, Yoshiaki Tabuchi, Ikuo Kimura, Yoshinori Nagai, Shinichi Ikushiro, Yukihiro Furusawa
Summary: This study compares the impact of four low-viscosity soluble dietary fibers on the intestinal microenvironment in mice. The results show that these fibers promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, eliminate pathogenic bacteria, and increase the abundance of commensal bacteria and production of SCFAs. Additionally, administration of alpha-cyclodextrin shows potential in preventing colitis.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Takako Ikeda, Akari Nishida, Mayu Yamano, Ikuo Kimura
Summary: Dysbiosis is associated with cellular dysfunction due to impaired production and signaling of short-chain fatty acids. Short-chain fatty acids regulate physiological processes through interaction with receptors. Recent advances in the use of prebiotics and probiotics have shown promise in disease treatment.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Miki Igarashi, Kensuke Iwasa, Tetsuhiko Hayakawa, Tsuyoshi Tsuduki, Ikuo Kimura, Kei Maruyama, Keisuke Yoshikawa
Summary: In this study, it was found that dietary oleic acid (OA) is an important molecule in inducing satiety by reducing food intake. This effect is mediated through the signaling of oleoylethanolamide (OEA).
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Junki Miyamoto, Hidenori Shimizu, Keiko Hisa, Chiaki Matsuzaki, Shinsuke Inuki, Yuna Ando, Akari Nishida, Ayano Izumi, Mayu Yamano, Chihiro Ushiroda, Junichiro Irie, Takane Katayama, Hiroaki Ohno, Hiroshi Itoh, Kenji Yamamoto, Ikuo Kimura
Summary: Fermented foods have health benefits due to probiotic bacteria or microproducts produced by bacterial fermentation. Prebiotics associated with L. mesenteroides-produced exopolysaccharides (EPS) show significant metabolic benefits. EPS-derived gut microbial short-chain fatty acids improve glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis, and alter gut microbial composition.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Miki Igarashi, Tetsuhiko Hayakawa, Haruka Tanabe, Keita Watanabe, Akari Nishida, Ikuo Kimura
Summary: In this study, Gpr119 knockout mice were generated using CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology. The results showed that Gpr119-deficient mice exhibited lower blood glucose levels and greater weight loss under food deprivation conditions. Further experiments revealed that elevated levels of OEA in the cecum were associated with satiety control and energy metabolism.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kento Mio, Naoko Iida-Tanaka, Chiemi Yamanaka, Ikuo Kimura, Seiichiro Aoe
Summary: Barley consumption is expected to increase insulin sensitivity by increasing the level of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and promoting the secretion of GLP-1. This study found that GPR43, a receptor for SCFAs, plays an important role in the inhibitory effect of barley intake on blood glucose rise.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Shinsuke Inuki, Hitomi Tabuchi, Chiaki Matsuzaki, Yasunori Yonejima, Keiko Hisa, Ikuo Kimura, Kenji Yamamoto, Hiroaki Ohno
Summary: Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are widely present in natural products made by bacteria, fungi, and algae, and some of them have interesting biological properties such as anticancer and immunomodulatory activities. Our recent study found that EPSs derived from Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides strain NTM048 enhanced the production of mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) in mice. In this study, we described the synthesis and evaluation of tetrasaccharide fragments of NTM048 EPS to gain insights into the molecular mechanism responsible for the induction of IgA.
CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Endocrinology & Metabolism
E. Lee, R. Hatano, X. Zhang, J. Miyamoto, I. Kimura, T. Miki